玉米秸秆半纤维素的逐级分离及其结构表征
李 蕊 杨桂花* 吕高金 陈嘉川 张 磊
（齐鲁工业大学制浆造纸科学与技术教育部/山东省重点实验室，山东济南，250353）
摘 要：将玉米秸秆进行苯-醇抽提和亚氯酸钠脱木素处理制取综纤维素，利用不同溶剂体系抽提综纤维素分离出不同特性的半纤维素，并对其化学结构进行表征。结果表明，经过二甲基亚砜、二氧六环-三乙胺、饱和Ba（OH）2、1 mol/L KOH、1 mol/L NaOH和3 mol/L KOH连续抽提，得到的乙醇沉淀半纤维素分别为玉米秸秆半纤维素总量的5.8%、0.3%、24.4%、38.6%、7.1%和12.2%。高效阴离子交换色谱（HPAEC）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振光谱（NMR）分析表明，二甲基亚砜和二氧六环-三乙胺提取所得半纤维素分枝度较高，无机碱体系抽提所得半纤维素分枝度较低；二甲基亚砜抽提所得半纤维素是以L-阿拉伯糖基和4-O-甲基-葡萄糖醛酸基为侧链的含有乙酰基的聚木糖半纤维素。热重分析（TGA）表明，无机碱抽提所得半纤维素的热稳定性高于有机溶剂抽提所得半纤维素。
关键词：玉米秸秆；半纤维素；分离；结构表征
中图分类号：TQ351；TS71+1
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0001-06
Separation and Characterization of Hemicelluloses of Corn Stalks
LI Rui YANG Gui-hua* LYU Gao-jin CHEN Jia-chuan ZHANG Lei
（Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Education Ministry of China/Shandong Province,
Qilu University of Technology, Ji′nan, Shandong Province, 250353）
(*E-mail: ygh@qlu.edu.cn)
Abstract：Holocellulose obtained by dewaxing and delignification of corn stalks were sequentially extracted and fractionated with different solvent systems to separate hemicelluloses. The chemical structures of the separated hemicelluloses were characterized. The results showed that the obtained hemicelluloses yields were 5.8%, 0.3%, 24.4%, 38.6%, 7.1% and 12.2% of total hemicellulose in corn stalk, respectively, after extracting sequentially by dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane-triethylamine, saturated barium hydroxide, 1 mol/L KOH, 1 mol/L NaOH, and 3 mol/L KOH. The analysis of HPAEC, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR indicated that the branching degree of hemicelluloses extracted by dimethyl sulfoxide and dioxane-triethylamine was high, while that of hemicelluloses extracted by inorganic alkali system was lower. The backbone chain of the hemicelluloses extracted by dimethyl sulfoxide was β-D-xylose with acetyl group, and the branched chains were L-Arabia sugar and 4-O-methyl glucose uronic acid. TGA analysis showed that the thermal stabilities of the hemicelluloses extracted by inorganic alkali were better than that of the hemicelluloses extracted by organic solvent.
Keywords：corn stalk; hemicellulose; separation; structural characterization
(责任编辑：吴博士)
中 国 造 纸 学 报
Vol.32,No.3,2017Transactions of China Pulp and Paper
化学机械浆选择性磨浆前纤维束预处理研究
党 苗1 王 建1，2，*
（1.陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院，陕西西安，710021；
2.陕西省造纸技术及特种纸品开发重点实验室，陕西西安，710021）
摘 要：对出一段高浓磨浆的化学机械浆粗浆进行筛分以得到纤维束，并采用选择性磨浆工艺对纤维束进行磨浆，研究了纤维束的预处理对化学机械浆磨浆性能及成纸性能的影响。结果表明，在选择性磨浆的基础上对纤维束进行化学预处理能够进一步降低磨浆能耗，并且能够使磨浆后纤维的完整性得到较好的保持，成纸松厚度较高。
关键词：化学机械浆；选择性磨浆；纤维束；预处理；磨浆能耗
中图分类号：TS743+.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0007-04
Fiber Bundles Pretreatment before the Selectively Refining of Chemimechanical Pulp
DANG Miao1 WANG Jian1,2,*
(1. College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xian,
Shaanxi Province, 710021;
2. Shaanxi Key Lab on Paper Technology & Specialty Papers, Xian, Shaanxi Province, 710021)
(*E-mail: zzwangjian@sust.edu.cn)
Abstract：Fiber bundles were fractionated out of the chemimechanical pulps which came from the first refining stage, and refined with the selectively refining process. This paper studied the effect of fiber bundles pretreatment on refining performance and the resultant paper properties of the prepared chemimechanical pulp. The results showed that the pretreatment of fiber bundles could further reduce the refining energy. Besides, the pulp could maintain more intact fibers after refining, and the resultant paper could have better bulk property.
Keywords：chemimechanical pulps; selectively refining; fiber bundles pretreatment; paper properties
(责任编辑：陈丽卿)
马尾松磨木木素在硫酸盐法蒸煮
过程中的降解及缩合
杨志勇
（潍坊科技学院，山东寿光，262700）
摘 要：在聚葡萄糖甘露糖存在的条件下，利用硫酸盐法蒸煮马尾松磨木木素（MWL），并采用离心分离、酸析沉淀木素等方法将蒸煮后的产物分级，然后用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）分析仪和13C-核磁共振波谱（13C-NMR）对分级后的组分进行分析。结果表明，硫酸盐法蒸煮过程中，在亲核试剂OH-、HS-的进攻下，木素大分子结构单元之间的α-烷基芳基醚键、β-O-4型连接键很容易发生断裂而生成许多小分子木素；另外，酸不溶物中有新的木素-碳水化合物复合体（LCC）结构单元形成，这种新形成的LCC结构单元主要是由β-O-4型木素结构单元与聚葡萄糖甘露糖形成的以苯甲醚键连接的LCC结构单元以及由5-5缩合型木素结构单元与木糖形成的以苯甲醚键连接的LCC结构单元，并且这种新形成的LCC结构单元对碱非常稳定。而缩合型木素结构单元（β-β、β-5、β-1、5-5木素结构单元）在硫酸盐法蒸煮过程中非常稳定，很难发生降解。
关键词：马尾松；磨木木素；聚葡萄糖甘露糖；硫酸盐法蒸煮；苯甲醚键型；木素-碳水化合物复合体
中图分类号：TS711
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0011-05
Degradation and Condensation of MWL from Pinus massoniana Lamb during Kraft Cooking
YANG Zhi-yong
(Weifang University of Science & Technology, Shouguang, Shandong Province, 262700)
(E-mail: ppyzhy@163.com)
Abstract：In order to research the changes of LCC structures, MWL from Pinus massoniana Lamb was cooked with kraft method in existence of glucomannan. The products from kraft cooking were classified into two fractions by centrifugal separation and acidfying precipitation. Techniques of FT-IR and 13C-NMR were applied to determine the fractions and to identify the newly formed LCC structures. The results showed that the lignin linkages, especially α-aryl ether linkages and β-aryl ether linkages were easy to be cleaved under the attack of OH- and HS- in kraft cooking. New LCC structure was found in acid insoluble residue which was formed during the cleaving of lignin linkages, the newly formed LCC was stable in alkali solution and existed with the type of benzyl ether linkage. When MWL from Pinus massoniana Lamb was cooked with kraft method in existence of glucomannan, the newly formed LCC came from β-O-4 lignin structure and glucomannan or 5-5 lignin structure and xylose. The condensed type lignin structures such as β-β, β-5, β-1, 5-5, were stable and difficult to be degraded by kraft cooking.
Keywords：Pinus massoniana Lamb; MWL; glucomannan; kraft cooking; benzyl ether linkage; LCC
(责任编辑：陈丽卿)
竹浆粕制备工艺条件的探讨
彭 成1 杨 玲2，* 杨忠奎3 李文俊2 刘一山2 于成龙2
张 豪2 刘泽覃2 王 尧2 王云凤2 肖 林2 张克钟2
（1.四川永丰浆纸股份有限公司，四川乐山，614500；
2.四川理工学院，四川自贡，643000；
3.四川银鸽竹浆纸业有限公司，四川泸州，646300）
摘 要：以混合竹片为原料，采用预水解-碱液中和-硫酸盐法（KP）蒸煮-ECF漂白的工艺制备竹浆粕。通过改变预水解段的最高温度、碱液中和段的用碱量以及KP段的用碱量和蒸煮最高温度，分析不同条件成浆的性能指标，得到不同用途竹浆粕的制备工艺条件。结果显示，当预水解最高温度165℃、中和段用碱量8%～10%（以Na2O计）、KP段最高温度和用碱量分别为165℃和6%时，经OD0EPD1A漂白得到的漂白竹浆粕的性能指标最佳。其中，当预水解最高温度和KP段的蒸煮最高温度均为145℃时，蒸煮后浆料得率比预水解最高温度165℃、KP蒸煮最高温度145℃的浆料得率高6%～7%；也比预水解最高温度和蒸煮最高温度均为165℃时的浆料得率高8%～10%。当KP段用碱量分别为6%～8%和10%～12%时，漂白后的竹浆粕可用来制备醋酸纤维和黏胶纤维。
关键词：竹浆粕；预水解；中和；硫酸盐法蒸煮
中图分类号：TS749+.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0016-05
Study on the Process Conditions of Bamboo Dissolving Pulp Preparation
PENG Cheng1 YANG Ling2,* YANG Zhong-kui3 LI Wen-jun2 LIU Yi-shan2
YU Cheng-long2
ZHANG Hao2 LIU Ze-tan2 WANG Yao2 WANG Yun-feng2 XIAO Lin2 ZHANG Ke-zhong2
(1. Sichuan Yongfeng Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd., Leshan, Sichuan Province, 614500;
2. Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan Province, 643000;
3. Sichuan Yinge Zhujiang Paper Industry Co., Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646300)
(*E-mail: lwj1163@163.com)
Abstract：The bamboo pulp was prepared from mixed bamboo slices by pre-hydrolysis, alkali solution neutralization, kraft cooking and ECF bleaching. To obtain the best conditions for the preparation of bamboo pulp,the performance of the slurry was analyzed by changing the maximum temperature of the pre-hydrolysis, the amount of alkali in the alkaline solution neutralization and the maximum temperature and amount of alkali in kraft cooking.The results showed that the best performance indicators of bleached bamboo pulp was obtained when the maximum temperature of pre-hydrolysis was 165℃, the alkali content was 8%~10% (Na2O), the maximum temperature and the amount of alkali correspond to 165℃ and 6% (Na2O) in kraft cooking, respectively.When the maximum temperature of pre-hydrolysis and the maximum cooking temperature of KP were 145℃, the yield of pulp was 6%~7% higher than that of the maximum temperature of pre-hydrolysis (165℃)and the maximum cooking temperature of kraft cooking (145℃). The bamboo pulp after bleaching could be used to prepare cellulose acetate and viscose fibers when the amount of alkali was 6% to 8% (Na2O) and 10% to 12% (Na2O) in the kraft cooking, respectively.
Keywords：bamboo dissolving pulp; pre-hydrolysis; neutralize; kraft cooking
(责任编辑：吴博士)
废纸浆纤维悬浮液屈服应力的
主要影响因素研究
蒋 旸1，2 陈树润1，2 沙九龙1，2 沈 军3 王 晨1，2 张 辉1，2，*
（1.南京林业大学江苏省制浆造纸科学与技术重点实验室，江苏南京，210037；
2.南京林业大学江苏省林业资源高效加工利用协同创新中心，江苏南京，210037；
3.江苏理文造纸有限公司，江苏常熟，215536）
摘 要：基于屈服应力的纸浆纤维悬浮液的流变特性直接影响造纸过程的能耗和生产效率。利用SPSS统计分析软件，对浓度为1.5%～4.0%的废箱纸板（OCC）和旧报纸（ONP）浆纤维悬浮液，分别采用流变曲线回归法（RCR）和剪切应力梯度法（SSG）测得的屈服应力进行方程回归，并与原生木浆的进行比较分析。结果表明，ONP浆和OCC浆纤维悬浮液的屈服应力τy与浆料浓度Cm的回归方程采用RCR法测定的结果分别为τy=3.34C2.43m、τy=2.33C2.57m，采用SSG法测定的结果分别为τy=3.58C2.43m、τy=2.83C2.47m；在相同浓度下采用相同测定方法时，ONP浆纤维悬浮液的屈服应力均大于OCC浆纤维悬浮液的；对于相同浓度的同种浆料纤维悬浮液，采用SSG法测得的屈服应力要比RCR法测得的大，对ONP浆纤维悬浮液而言，约大5.1%～9.4%，而对于OCC浆纤维悬浮液，约大1.3%～13.9%；且Δτy在2.7～17.2 Pa之间，两种方法测得的屈服应力值偏差随纸浆纤维悬浮液浓度的增大而逐渐增大，即随着废纸浆纤维悬浮液浓度和纤维长宽比的增大，屈服应力增大。漂白针叶木浆纤维悬浮液的屈服应力明显大于ONP浆、OCC浆和阔叶木浆纤维悬浮液的。
关键词：废纸浆；纤维悬浮液；流变特性；屈服应力；影响因素
中图分类号：TS71
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0021-06
Research on the Major Influence Factors on Yield Stress of Recycled Fiber Suspension
JIANG Yang1,2 CHEN Shu-run1,2 SHA Jiu-long1,2 SHEN Jun3 WANG Chen1,2 ZHANG Hui1,2,*
(1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
Province, 210037;
2. Jiangsu CoInnovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University,
Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037;
3. Jiangsu Lee & Man Paper Manufacture Limited, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, 215536)
（*E-mail: zhnjfu@163.com）
Abstract：The yield-stress-based rheological behavior of pulp fiber suspension affects the energy consumption and production efficiency in papermaking. The yield stresses of slurry suspensions of old corrugated containers (OCC) and old news papers (ONP) with mass concentration of 1.5%~4.0% were evaluated by two measurement methods with the SPSS statistical analysis software and, then, compared with that from the virgin wood pulp. The results showed that the relations of yield stress τy and concentration Cm of the ONP pulp and OCC pulp based on rheological curve regression method (RCRM) satisfied respectively the exponential equations τy=3.34C2.43m and τy=2.33C2.57m, and τy and Cm based on shear stress gradient method (SSGM) satisfied respectively τy=3.58C2.43m and τy=2.83C2.47m; based on the same concentration and measurement method, the τy of ONP pulp was larger than that of OCC pulp, and, comparing on the same concentration and the same kind of pulp, τy based on SSGM was higher than that based on RCRM, 5.1%~9.4% higher for ONP pulp and 1.3%~13.9% higher for OCC pulp. The deviation of yield stress values measured by the two methods increased with the concentration increasing when the deviation was in the between of 2.7～17.2 Pa, which meant that τy of the pulp increased with the increase of concentration and fiber aspect ratio for waste paper. Taking a comparison, the τy of bleached softwood pulp was significantly larger than those of recycled pulp and hardwood pulp.
Keywords：recycled pulp; fiber suspension; rheological behavior; yield stress; influence factors
(责任编辑：郭彩云)
酸解法制备纤维素纳米晶体
水解残液的糖酸分离
王 帅 刘鹏涛* 侯佳玲
（天津市制浆造纸重点实验室，天津科技大学造纸学院，天津，300457）
摘 要：硫酸法制备纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）的水解残液中含有大量的硫酸、一些未充分水解的纤维素片段以及以单体和寡聚形式存在的糖，直接丢弃不仅会污染环境，更是对资源的一种极大浪费。通过向水解残液中加入硫酸（质量分数80%）的方法，调节水解残液中的硫酸浓度，并通过水浴加热使残液中未充分水解的物质转化为葡萄糖；然后用阴离子交换膜将水解残液中的硫酸和葡萄糖分离，再将分离后的液体用旋转蒸发仪浓缩，以提高硫酸和葡萄糖的浓度。研究结果表明，调节水解残液中硫酸质量分数为56%，在45℃水浴中反应3 h，水解残液中葡萄糖含量达到最大值13.73 g/L；处理后的水解残液通过2次阴离子交换膜过滤，硫酸的回收率达到90.31%，浓缩可得到10.06 mol/L的浓硫酸和36 g/L的葡萄糖溶液。回收得到的硫酸和副产品葡萄糖溶液可分别用于CNC的制备和用作生物发酵的碳源。
关键词：纤维素纳米晶体；水解残液；阴离子交换膜；葡萄糖；硫酸
中图分类号：TQ353.9；X793
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0027-05
Separation of Acid and Sugar in the Waste Liquid from Acid Hydrolysis for
Preparing Cellulose Nanocrystals
WANG Shuai LIU Peng-tao* HOU Jia-ling
(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Papermaking Science and Technology,
Tianjin University of Science ＆ Technology, Tianjin, 300457)
Abstract：There were lots of sulfuric acid, some of not fully hydrolyzed cellulose fragments, monomer sugars and oligo in the waste liquid from preparing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis process. If the waste liquid was discarded directly without recycling, and it could cause environmental pollution and a great waste of resource. This paper studied the method for recovering both sulfuric acid and glucose. The concentration of sulfuric acid in the waste liquid was adjusted by adding 80%(wt) sulfuric acid, then the materials not fully hydrolyzed were converted to glucose by heating in water bath. The sulfuric acid and glucose were separated by anion exchange membrane, then concentrated by using rotary evaporating and concentrating system. Results showed that glucose concentration in the waste liquid reached maximum when sulfuric acid concentration was 56%(wt) and heating at 45℃ for 3 h in water bath. The recovery rate of sulfuric acid was 90.31% after the liquid was treated twice by anion exchange membrane, 10.06 mol/L sulfuric acid and 36 g/L glucose solution were obtained after being concentrated.
Keywords：CNC; waste liquor from acid hydrolysis; anion exchange membrane; glucose; sulfuric acid
(责任编辑：刘振华)
降解五氯酚的微氧磁性活性污泥
理化特性的研究
张 浩1 蓝惠霞1，2,* 孙延霜1 兰善红3 马 平4
（1.青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院，山东青岛,266042；
2.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，
广东广州，510640；
3.东莞理工学院生态环境与建筑工程学院，广东东莞，523808；
4.山东中烟工业有限责任公司滕州卷烟厂，山东滕州，277599）
摘 要：以厌氧污泥为种泥，在微磁场、低溶解氧条件下，梯度式加入五氯酚（PCP）驯化污泥，并以不加磁粉的反应器作为对照，考察驯化过程微氧磁性活性污泥的污泥浓度（MLSS）、污泥体积指数（SVI值）及絮凝性能。在整个驯化过程中，有磁粉反应器中微氧活性污泥紧实，絮体较大，MLSS高于无磁粉反应器的，在PCP浓度低于20 mg/L时，SVI值始终保持在45~55 mL/g，沉降性能良好；而无磁粉反应器中污泥松散，SVI值较高。对污泥胞外多聚物（ECPs）总量、蛋白质与多糖比值的测定结果表明，磁粉的加入大大提高了污泥的絮凝性能。
关键词：五氯酚；微氧；活性污泥；磁粉；理化特性
中图分类号：X793
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0032-05
Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Micro-aerobic Magnetic Activated Sludge for PCP Degradation
ZHANG Hao1 LAN Hui-xia1,2,* SUN Yan-shuang1 LAN Shan-hong3 MA Ping4
(1.College of Environment and Safe Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266042;
2. State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640;
3. School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808;
4. Shandong Zhongyan Industry Limited Liability Company, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, 277590)
(*E-mail: lanhuixia@163.com)
Abstract：Using anaerobic sludge as seed sludge, the MLSS, SVI and flocculation performance of the micro-aerobic magnetic activated sludge were studied during domestication process. The activated sludge was cultured by adding PCP gradiently under the condition of magnetic field and less dissolved oxygen. It was found that micro-aerobic activated sludge was in a tight state with larger flocculation and MLSS was higher than the reactor without magnetic particle. Besides, the sludge had better settling performance with the SVI value remaining in the 45～55 mL/g when PCP concentration was lower than 20 mg/L. On the contrary, the sludge was loose and SVI value was high in the reactor without magnetic particle. The measurement results of total amount of extracellular polymeric substances (ECPs) and PN/PS, indicated that the addition of magnetic powder greatly improved the flocculation performance of the sludge.
Keywords：PCP; micro-aerobic; activated sludge; magnetic particle; physicochemical characteristics
(责任编辑：刘振华)
基于“边界层”理论的纸张干燥
动力学模型及其数值仿真
陈晓彬1 董云渊1 郑启富1 余建刚1 李继庚2 刘焕彬2
（1.衢州学院化学与材料工程学院，浙江衢州，324000；
2.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：利用“边界层”理论推导出纸张表面水分蒸发动力学模型，建立了纸张干燥过程物料与能量衡算模型，并采用数值分析方法，模拟某一瓦楞纸机的干燥过程，得到纸张在干燥过程中的温湿度变化曲线以及水分蒸发速率变化曲线，并定量分析了该干燥过程纸张干燥的3个阶段：升温干燥阶段（1#～4#烘缸）、恒速干燥阶段（5#～39#烘缸）、减速干燥阶段（40#～48#烘缸）。当纸张湿含量下降到0.22 kg/kg时，进入减速干燥阶段。在线测量结果与模型仿真结果的对比分析表明，模拟结果和实际在线测量结果非常接近，验证了基于“边界层”理论推导的纸张干燥动力学模型的准确性。
关键词：纸张干燥；水分蒸发速率；数值仿真
中图分类号：TS755
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0037-06
Kinetic Model and Numerical Simulation of Paper Drying Process Base on Boundary Layer Theory
CHEN Xiao-bin1,* DONG Yun-yuan1 ZHENG Qi-fu1 YU Jian-gang1 LI Ji-geng2 LIU Huan-bin2
(1. College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, 324000;
2. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail: xbchen24264@163.com)
Abstract：A kinetic model of water evaporation on the surface of paper was derived based on the boundary layer theory in the current study. In addition, the mass and energy balance model was established for paper drying process. Using numerical analysis method, a paper drying process of corrugated paper machine was simulated, and the paper temperature, paper moisture, and the drying rate during paper drying process were calculated, three stages during paper drying process were analyzed quantitatively: the temperature-rising drying stage (1#~4# cylinder), the drying at constant rate (5#~39# cylinder) and decelerating drying stage (40#~48# cylinder). When paper moisture dropped to 0.22 kg/kg, the paper entered into the decelerating drying stage.
Keywords：paper drying; evaporation rate; numerical simulation
(责任编辑：陈丽卿)
我国造纸工业供给侧结构性改革机理研究
张智光1，2 吴 琳1，2
（1.南京林业大学经济管理学院，江苏南京，210037;
2.南京林业大学环境与发展系统工程研究所，江苏南京，210037）
摘 要：鉴于我国造纸工业的产能过剩和边际环境效应都十分突出，探索生态文明背景下我国造纸工业供给侧结构性改革的机理与措施。在分析我国造纸工业供需失衡的现状、趋势和效应的基础上，着重从供给侧分析其供需失衡的影响因素及其根源。依此，将供需理论与系统自组织理论相结合，构建面向绿色造纸的“2维-4环”供需调节机理模型。以该机理模型为理论指导，分别从政府宏观调控和企业经营管理两个层面研究造纸工业供给侧结构性改革的措施。
关键词：供给侧结构性改革；造纸工业；生态文明；自组织理论
中图分类号：F407.83；TS7
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0043-09
A Study on the Mechanism of Supply-side Structural Reform for Chinas Paper Industry
ZHANG Zhi-guang1,2,* WU Lin1,2
(1. College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037;
2. System Engineering Institute for Environment and Development, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037)
(*E-mail: zzg@njfu.com.cn)
Abstract：There exist serious problems of over capacity and environmental marginal effect in Chinas paper industry, it is necessary to study the mechanism and measures of supply-side structural reform for paper industry under the background of ecological civilization. Based on the analysis of the present situation, the trend and the effect of the imbalance between supply and demand, the influence factors and causes of imbalance between supply and demand in Chinas paper industry were analyzed from the supply side emphatically. A mechanism model containing 2 dimensions and 4 cycles for regulating supply and demand oriented to green papermaking was established based on the combination of supply-demand theory and systematic self-organization theory. Under the theoretical guidance of the mechanism model, some measures of supply-side structural reform were proposed on two aspects of governmental macroeconomic regulation and enterprise management respectively.
Keywords：supply-side structural reform; paper industry; ecological civilization; self-organization theory
(责任编辑：刘振华)
基于双原子库稀疏分解的力学式纸浆浓度
传感器测量值补偿研究
周 强1 王亚波1，* 王 莹2 吴 祎1
（1.陕西科技大学电气与信息工程学院，陕西西安，710021；
2.陕西科技大学材料科学与工程学院，陕西西安，710021）
摘 要：针对目前广泛使用的力学式纸浆浓度传感器测量精度较低的问题，通过研究纸浆纤维结构和力学式纸浆浓度传感器测量原理，发现了这种传感器测量精度较低的原因：第一，纸浆浓度测量信号中噪声信号难以滤除；第二，纸浆流速对纸浆浓度测量影响较大。为此，在研究纸浆浓度测量信号中噪声信号及其性质并建立纸浆浓度传感器测量模型的基础上，提出了利用稀疏分解消除纸浆浓度测量信号中各种噪声信号，同时利用纸浆浓度传感器测量模型对纸浆浓度测量值进行流速补偿。结果表明，该方法能够显著提高纸浆浓度传感器的测量精度。
关键词：纸浆浓度测量精度；噪声信号；稀疏分解；流速补偿
中图分类号：TS73
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0052-06
Measured Value Compensation of Mechanical Consistency Sensor Used for Pulp Based on
Double Atom Library Sparse Decomposition
ZHOU Qiang1 WANG Ya-bo1,* WANG Ying2 WU Yi1
(1. Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Teacnology, Xian, Shaanxi Province, 710021;
2. Material Science and Engineering Institute, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xian, Shaanxi Province, 710021)
(*E-mail: 1123594885@qq.com)
Abstract：To solve the problem of low measuring precision in the mechanical consistency sensor widely used for pulp at present, by studying the pulp fiber structure and mechanical consistency sensor measuring principle, reasons of effecting the sensors measurement precision were found. First, the noise signal was difficult to filter out from the measurement signal of the pulp consistency. Second, the pulp flow velocity had a great effect on the pulp consistency measurement. Based on the study of noise signal and its nature and the establishment of consistency sensor measurement model, sparse decomposition was used to eliminate all kinds of noise from the pulp consistency signal. At the same time, consistency sensor measurement model was used to compensate the effect of pulp flow rate on the measured consistency value. Experiment results showed that this method could significantly improve the pulp consistency measuring accuracy.
Keywords：pulp consistency measuring accuracy; noise signal; sparse decomposition; flow velocity compensation
(责任编辑：陈丽卿)
高强瓦楞纸机干燥部能耗协同控制系统的
设计及优化研究
汤 伟1，3 孙振宇2，3 池东明2，3 冯晓会1，3
（1.陕西科技大学电气与信息工程学院，陕西西安,710021；
2.陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院，
陕西西安,710021；
3.陕西科技大学工业自动化研究所，陕西西安,710021）
摘 要：为了进一步地降低纸机干燥部能耗、提高能源的利用效率，本课题提出了能耗协同控制的概念，即同时考虑烘缸内部蒸汽冷凝水热力系统的能量消耗与气罩通风热力系统的能量消耗，实现二次热能的循环综合利用。针对高强瓦楞纸机干燥部设计了一套基于西门子S7-300 PLC的能耗协同DCS控制系统，实现了干燥部上述系统的整合，不但能够降低纸机干燥部的能耗，也为干燥部全局优化方案的实现打下了基础。本控制系统已在多条高强瓦楞纸机生产线上得到了应用，收到了较好的节能效果。为了实现干燥部的全局优化，本课题搭建了基于数据驱动的控制策略优化控制框架，将工业现场的大量运行数据用于模型的修正并建立控制策略优化数据库，可以快速寻找与当前工艺条件最为匹配的优化控制策略，实现节能降耗。
关键词：蒸汽冷凝水热力系统；密闭气罩热力系统；能耗协同控制；DCS控制系统；数据驱动
中图分类号：TS7
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0058-06
Design and Optimization of Synergic Control System for Energy Consumption of High Strength
Fluting Paper Machine Dryer Section
TANG Wei1,3,* SUN Zhen-yu2,3 CHI Dong-ming2,3 FENG Xiao-hui1,3
(1. College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xian, Shaanxi Province, 710021;
2. College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xian,
Shaanxi Province, 710021;
3. Industrial Automation Institute, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology,
Xian, Shaanxi Province, 710021)
(*E-mail: wtang906@163.com)
Abstract：Energy consumption reduction is becoming focus in papermaking industry. To further reduce energy consumption and increase energy efficiency of paper machine dryer section, the synergic control for energy consumption was put forward. The energy consumptions of steam condensate thermal system and hood ventilation thermal system were considered together to recycle the secondary thermal energy. A DCS control system for energy consumption of high strength fluting paper machine was designed. This system integrated above-mentioned systems, not only reduced the energy consumption of paper machine dryer section but also laid a foundation for achieving overall optimization of dryer section. This control system has been used in many high strength fluting paper machines and had a better energy-saving effect. To achieve overall optimization of dryer section, the data-driven optimization control framework was designed. The large amount of operation data was used to update the model and established the optimal control strategy database. Thus the optimization control strategy which matched current process conditions best could be found quickly, and energy consumption reduction was realized.
Keywords：steam condensate thermal system; hood ventilation thermal system; cooperation control for energy consumption; DCS control system; data-driven
(责任编辑：刘振华)
综 述
我国造纸行业碳排放现状及减排途径
吕泽瑜 蒋 彬 孙 慧 吕竹明 陈 晨
（中国轻工业清洁生产中心，北京，100012）
摘 要：通过分析当前我国造纸行业纸和纸板生产和消费情况、行业发展现状和国家有关的节能减排要求，探讨了现阶段我国造纸企业碳排放的现状、面临的挑战和压力、未来的发展要求，以寻求实现节能增效的有效技术方法和实现碳减排的有效途径。结果表明，我国造纸企业未来的碳减排任务艰巨，但是随着行业改革的深入和全国性碳交易市场的建立，我国造纸企业同样面临很大的机遇，这会促使造纸企业优化调整用能结构，实现造纸行业可持续发展。
关键词：造纸;碳减排;碳交易
中图分类号：TS7
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2017）03-0064-06
Present Situation and Reduction Approach of Carbon Emission of Chinas Paper Industry
LYU Ze-yu* JIANG Bin SUN Hui LYU Zhu-ming CHEN Chen
(China Cleaner Production Center of Light Industry, Beijing, 100012)
(*E-mail： estell@126.com)
Abstract：Through the analysis of the current production, consumption situation and development of paper industry, as well as energy efficiency policies of China, the present situation of carbon emission reduction, the challenge and pressure faced and future development requirement of Chinas papermaking enterprises were discussed, in order to seek the method to achieve high energy efficiency and fulfill the carbon emission requirement. The study showed that the carbon emission reduction of Chinas papermaking enterprises was a formidable task in the future, however a further deepening the reform and the establishment of national carbon trading market, paper industry would have great opportunities. All of these pressures would promote the sustainable development of paper industry.
Keywords：papermaking; carbon emission; carbon trading
(责任编辑：陈丽卿)
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