碱法预提取玉米秆半纤维素及对后续制浆的影响
程合丽 詹怀宇* 付时雨
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：利用NaOH在较温和的温度条件下从玉米秆原料中预提取出了半纤维素，分析了提取液中糖类组分及含量，采用NaOH-AQ法对提取过半纤维素的玉米秆进行了制浆实验，考察了预提取对制浆以及黑液中SiO2含量的影响。结果表明，玉米秆半纤维素的主要成分是木聚糖，在温度75℃，碱浓10%时，提取液中木糖总量占原料中木糖的91.8%。黑液中SiO2含量的检测结果表明玉米秆中SiO2含量较低，未经预提取原料NaOH-AQ蒸煮黑液中SiO2含量为163 mg/L，经预提取之后，相同条件下蒸煮所得黑液中SiO2含量均有不同程度的下降。在碱浓达到8%时，硅含量比未经预提取玉米秆的制浆黑液降低了79.8%。提取后原料的制浆结果表明半纤维素预提取可以显著提高纸浆的白度，降低纸浆卡伯值，但同时也会在一定程度上降低纸浆的得率和黏度。
关键词：半纤维素；预提取；木糖；硅含量
中图分类号：TS74
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0001-04
Alkali Pre-extraction of Hemicellulose from Corn Stover and Its Effect on Subsequent Pulping
CHENG He-li ZHAN Huai-yu* FU Shi-yu
(State Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
Abstract：Sodium hydroxide was used to extract hemicellulose from corn stover under mild conditions. The compositions and contents of saccharides in the extraction liquors were determined. The materials after pre-extraction were thoroughly washed and then undergone pulping with NaOH-AQ and the effects of pre-extraction on pulping and SiO2 contents in the black liquor were studied. Results showed that the main composition of corn stover hemicellulose was xylan, when the temperature was 75℃ and the charge of alkali was 10% (based on o.d. matter) , the extraction ratio of xylose was as high as 91.8% based on the total xylose content in the raw material. The determination of the silicon content in the black liquor showed that corn stover had low silicon content and its concentration was 163 mg/L in the black liquors from corn stover without pre-extraction. The silicon content decreased to different levels after pre-extraction. When the pre-extraction dosage of alkali was 8%, silicon content decreased by 79.8%. Results of pulping showed that pulp from pre-extracted corn stover had a higher brightness and lower Kappa number compared with the one without pre-extraction, while the yield and viscosity were decreased to some extent.
Key words：hemicellulose;pre-extraction;xylan;silicon content
木聚糖酶用于麦草浆ECF漂白的研究
王治艳 陈嘉川 杨桂花
（山东轻工业学院制浆造纸科学与技术省部共建教育部重点实验室，山东济南，250353）
摘 要：采用木聚糖酶对麦草烧碱蒽醌浆进行预处理，以期提高和改进浆料的ECF漂白性能，优化并制定出木聚糖酶AU-PE89的预处理条件。实验结果表明，木聚糖酶AU-PE89的最佳处理条件为：pH值6,温度50℃，酶用量6 IU/g绝干浆。此条件下DP漂白浆的白度可达82.5%，提高1.0个百分点；DEP漂白浆的白度可达83.2%，提高2.1个百分点；DED漂白浆的白度可达81.6%，提高1.3个百分点，这表明用木聚糖酶进行生物漂白，能有效降低漂白时化学品用量。
关键词：麦草NaOH-AQ浆；木聚糖酶；生物漂白
中图分类号：TS745
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0005-04
Application of Xylanase in Wheat Straw Pulp ECF Bleaching
WANG Zhi-yan* CHEN Jia-chuan YANG Gui-hua
(Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250353)
Abstract：Wheat straw NaOH-AQ pulp was pretreated with xylanase in order to improve ECF bleaching performance properties and optimize xylanase AU-PE89 pretreatment condition. The results showed that the brightness of xylanase AU-PE89-treated pulp is improved very well, using treatment temperature 50℃, dosage of AU-PE89 6 IU/g and pH value 6, the brightness of the treated pulp can be bleached to 82.5% by DP bleaching, an increase of 1.0 unit compared with the pulp without pretreatment and only bleached with DP sequence; Similarly the pretreated pulp can be bleached to 83.2% with an increase of 2.1 units and 81.6% with an increase of 1.3 units respectively for DEP and DED bleaching. Biological bleaching with the xylanase can reduce the amount of chlorine used effectively.
Key words：wheat straw NaOH-AQ pulp；xylanase；boibleaching
酶处理对粉丹竹SCMP过氧化氢漂白浆性质的影响
李兵云 詹怀宇 梁 辰
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：探讨了脂肪酶和果胶酶预处理对粉丹竹SCMP过氧化氢漂白浆的白度、白度稳定性、打浆度及强度性质的影响。对纸浆进行了苯-醇抽出物含量的测定和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）的分析。实验结果表明，两种酶预处理都可以使漂后纸浆的白度提高3～4个百分点，PC值降低33%～34%，打浆度分别提高4.0°SR、2.5°SR，裂断长、耐破指数和撕裂指数等也提高了4%～9%。粉丹竹SCMP 苯-醇抽出物含量达1.92%，经过脂肪酶和果胶酶预处理后纸浆苯-醇抽出物含量分别降低了0.40个百分点和0.56个百分点。由XPS分析可知，在脂肪酶或果胶酶预处理过程中，纸浆抽出物的去除主要发生在纤维表面，使纤维表面暴露出更多的碳水化合物和木素，有利于后续过氧化氢漂白。
关键词：磺化化学机械浆；过氧化氢漂白；脂肪酶处理；果胶酶处理
中图分类号：Q55；TS745
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0009-05
Effect of Enzyme Pretreatment on the Properties of Bamboo (Bambusa Chung II) SCMP Bleached by H2O2
LI Bing-yun* ZHAN Huai-yu LIANG Chen
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
Abstract：This paper mainly discussed the effect of lipase or pectinase pretreatment on the brightness and brightness stability as well as beating degree and strength properties of H2O2 bleached Bambusa Chung II sulphonated chemimechanical pulp (SCMP). The content of benzene/ethanol extractives was also evaluated. In addition, the properties of the fiber surface were analyzed using X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy. From the result, after lipase and pectinase pretreatment, the final brightness increased by 3%~4%ISO, PC number decreased by 33%~34%, beating degree increased by 2.5~4.0°SR and strength properties also increased by 4%~9%. The content of benzene/ethanol extractives of Bambusa Chung II SCMP after lipase and pectinase pretreatment decreased by 0.40% and 0.56% respectively. From XPS analysis, the removal of extractive took place on the fiber surface during enzyme pretreatment, which was of benefit to hydrogen peroxide bleaching.
Key words：sulphonated chemimechanical pulp (SCMP);hydrogen peroxide bleaching;lipase pretreatment;pectinase pretreatment
水预水解提取半纤维素对碱法桉木浆H2O2漂白的影响
戈玮玮 张 曾 郭 薇
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：由水预水解提取半纤维素后的桉木片和原木片分别通过烧碱-蒽醌法和硫酸盐法蒸煮获得4组浆料，分析了浆料中铜、锰、铁含量，比较了不同条件H2O2漂白后的浆料白度及H2O2消耗。研究结果表明，水预水解提取半纤维素的木片，其碱法浆在H2O2漂白中的可漂性明显提高，相同漂白条件下浆料白度提高了4~7个白度单位，漂至相同白度时H2O2的消耗量明显降低。木片的水预水解使其碱法浆中的Cu、Mn含量明显降低。对浆料进行漂前预处理使4种浆料样品中的金属元素含量处于相近水平，但相同条件下H2O2漂白后白度有明显差别。
关键词：桉木；预提取半纤维素；碱法浆；H2O2漂白；白度
中图分类号：TS742
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0014-04
The Influence of Pre-extracting Hemicellulose on Peroxide Bleaching of Eucalyptus Alkline Pulp
GE Wei-wei* ZHANG Zeng GUO Wei
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
Abstract：Using eucalyptus chips with and without water pre-hydrolysis for extracting hemicellulose sugars as raw material, four alkline pulp samples were produced by both sodium hydroxide-anthraquinone and kraft processes. The contents of transition metals such as copper, manganese and iron were analyzed. The pulp brightness and H2O2 consumption were compared under different peroxide bleaching conditions. The results showed that the pulp bleachability of the resultant pulp in peroxide bleaching is obviously improved when the wood chips are pre-hydrolyzed before cooking. Under the same bleaching conditions, 4~7 units higher brighrness can be obtained. For the same target brightness the H2O2 consumption is evidently decreased. The contents of copper and manganese in pulp go down obviously by pre-hydrolysis. The transition metal contents in the four pulp samples which are pretreated before bleaching are at quite close level. But obvious diffience in the end btightness is appeared after peroxide bleaching with the same conditions.
Key words：eucalyptus;hemicellulose pre-extracting;alkline pulp;peroxide bleaching;brightness
木麻黄树皮提取物对漂白机械浆光致黄化的抑制
吴宗华1 陈少平1 翁景峥1 柯金炼2
（1.福建师范大学化学与材料学院，福建福州，350007；2.福建林业科学研究院，福建福州，350012）
摘 要：比较了4种木麻黄树皮的提取物对羟自由基的抑制活性，考察了其中活性最大的山地木麻黄的提取物对马尾松漂白机械浆光致黄化的抑制作用。结果表明，强制光照4 h后，涂有山地木麻黄提取物纸片的白度减小了8.6%，而空白纸片的白度减小了19.2%，显示木麻黄提取物对漂白机械浆光致黄化的抑制作用，但强制光照24 h后，纸片白度基本相同。含有质量分数为0.01%和0.03%的木麻黄提取物的碳酸钙涂布液可大幅减轻漂白机械浆的光致黄化，强制光照24 h后，涂布纸片的白度减小约10%。木麻黄提取物抑制羟自由基的活性越大，其对漂白机械浆光致黄化的抑制作用也越大。
关键词：TMP；木麻黄提取物；涂布；光致黄化
中图分类号：TS743+.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0018-04
Inhibition of Light-induced Yellowing of Bleached Mechanical Pulp with Extracts from Casuarinas Barks
WU Zong-hua1* CHEN Shao-ping1 WENG Jing-zheng1 KE JIN-lian2
(1. College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007; 2. Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350012)
Abstract：Inhibition activities of the extracts from four kinds of Casuarinas bark to hydroxyl radicals were compared. The extract from C. junghuhniana bark was with the highest activity, and was used to inhibit light-induced yellowing of bleached mechanical pulp. ISO brightness of the sheet coated with the extract reduced by 8.6%, compared to 19.2% of the control sheet sample after light irradiation for 4 h. The results showed the inhibiting performance of the extract to the light-induced yellowing. But the brightness of the sheets coated with and without the extract was almost the same after light irradiation for 24 h.The coatings containing CaCO3 and 0.01% and 0.03% ACH showed excellent inhibiting performance to the light-induced yellowing. The ISO brightness of the sheet coated with the coatings reduced by 10% after light irradiation for 24 h. The higher the inhibition activity of the extracts to hydroxyl radical was, the better the inhibiting performance of the coatings to the light-induced yellowing was.
Key words：TMP;extracts from the bark of C. junghuhniana;coating;light-induced yellowing
接种蚯蚓堆制处理造纸污泥的试验研究
李 丹 王德汉* 曾 婷 李 亮 谢锡龙
（华南农业大学资源环境学院，广东广州， 510642）
摘 要：研究了蚯蚓堆制处理造纸污泥过程中，蚯蚓的生长、繁殖特性以及堆制产物（蚯蚓粪）化学特性的变化。在常温、阴暗环境下，堆制处理接种赤子爱胜蚓后的造纸污泥60 d，并每15 d取样测定1次。对蚯蚓的日增重倍数、日繁殖倍数分析表明，E4（50%造纸污泥+50%培养基质+蚯蚓）、E2（75%造纸污泥+25%培养基质+蚯蚓）处理分别最适合于蚯蚓的生长和繁殖；对堆制产物（蚯蚓粪）的化学性状分析结果表明，各处理pH值均有降低且呈弱碱性（pH值7.7~7.9）；E1（100%造纸污泥+蚯蚓）处理中蚯蚓粪VS（挥发性固体）、有机质含量降幅最大；E2、E4处理中TN（总氮）各显著增加8.92%、4.99%；E1堆制产物中的TP（总磷）、TK（总钾）各显著增加47.76%、10.89%。
关键词：赤子爱胜蚓；蚯蚓堆制处理；造纸污泥；化学特性；蚯蚓粪
中图分类号：X793
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0022-05
Study on Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge Vermicomposting by Using Eisenia Foetida
LI Dan WANG De-han* ZENG Ting LI Liang XIE Xi-long
(Colledge of Resources & Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642)
Abstract：The daily growth and reproduction of eisenia foetida as well as the charge of chemical properties of vermicomposts during the process of pulp and paper mill sludge vermicomposting by using the earthworm (eisenia foetida) were studied. The reactor systems at room temperature, dark environment, pulp and paper mill sludge was vermicomposted for 60 d, the samples were determined every 15 d. Analysis of daily growth and reproduction of eisenia foetida showed that E4 and E2 were the most suitable treatment for earthworm growth and reproduction respectively. The chemical properties of vermicomposts showed that the pH of each treatment decreased and was alkalescent, between 7.7 and 7.9. The largest decline of VS and organic matter content happened in the E1 treatment. The TN increased significantly by 8.92%, 4.99% in E2 and E4 treatment respectively. The TP and TK increased significantly by 47.76% and 10.89% respectively.
Key words：eisenia foetida;vermicomposting;pulp and paper mill sludge;chemical properties;wormcast
新型改性木质素磺酸钙高效减水剂的制备及构效关系研究
雷永林 贾陆军 霍冀川
（生物质化学衍生物四川省高校重点实验室，四川绵阳，621010）
摘 要：通过自由基溶液共聚反应，在木质素磺酸钙表面接枝了丙烯酸、马来酸酐、聚乙二醇（400）等单体，合成了新型改性木质素磺酸钙高效减水剂，并对其结构进行了表征；研究了新型改性木质素磺酸钙减水剂对溶液界面参数及引气性能、水泥颗粒表面的吸附及Zeta电位、水泥颗粒分散作用以及水泥净浆减水性能等方面的影响，同时分析了作用机理。结果表明，新型改性木质素磺酸钙克服了木质素磺酸钙本身引气过大、缓凝的缺陷，且减水作用效果明显， 即在其掺量为0.5％的条件下，减水率可达23.7％；水泥净浆7天和28天抗压强度分别达到94.6 MPa和107.3 MPa。
关键词：改性木质素磺酸钙；高效减水剂；构效关系
中图分类号：X793；TQ351.01+3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0027-06
Study on Preparation and Structure-activity of New Modified Calcium Lignosulfonate Superplasticizer
LEI Yong-lin JIA Lu-jun HUO Ji-chuan*
(Sichuan Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Derivatives, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621010)
Abstract：The new modified calcium lignosulfonate superplasticizer (NCL) was prepared by grafting crylic acid, maleic anhydride and polyethylene glycol 400 on to the surface of the calcium lignosulfonate through free radical solution copolymerization. The molecular structure of NCL was characterized, the influence of NCL on the solution interface parameters and foaming ability was studied, the water-reducer adsorbed amount and the Zeta potential of cement particle, cement particles dispersion and water reducing effect for the cement paste were also discussed, and the mechanism of NCL activity was analyzed. The results showed that the new modified calcium lignosulfonate superplasticizer overcomes the defects of excessive foaming ability and long setting time, its water-reducing performance is as effectively as high grade concrete water reducing agent, when w(NCL) is 0.5%, water-reducing ratio reached 23.7%, the compressive strength of 7 days and 28 days of net cement slurry can achieve 94.6 MPa and 107.3 MPa respectively.
Key words：modified calcium lignosulfonate superplasticizer;structure-activity
从APMP制浆废液分离所得半纤维素的改性和应用
张继颖 胡惠仁
（天津科技大学材料科学与化学工程学院，天津，300457）
摘 要：以从APMP制浆废液中分离的半纤维素为原料，将其用醚化剂阳离子化后用于纸张物理性能的增强。结果表明，阳离子半纤维素的最佳制备条件是醚化剂用量为100%、NaOH用量为6%（均为对半纤维素绝干质量比）、反应时间为4 h和温度为65℃，此时得到取代度为0.08的季铵型半纤维素。采用红外光谱对改性前后半纤维素的结构进行表征。改性后的季铵型半纤维素对阔叶木浆、针叶木浆以及OCC纸浆均具有明显的增强作用。
关键词：APMP；制浆废液；半纤维素；改性；增强
中图分类号：TS743+.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0033-06
Modification and Application of Hemicellulose Separated From APMP Spent Liquor
ZHANG Ji-ying* HU Hui-ren
（College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457）
Abstract：In this study, the hemicellulose, separated from P-RC APMP pulping spent liquor, was modified through etherifying reaction to prepare cationic quaternary ammonium type hemicelluloses with different degrees of substitution (DS). Some key factors influencing the modification were determined, including the dosages of etherifying agent and catalyst, reaction temperature and time, etc. Further, the cationic hemicellulose was used to improve the pulp strength. The results showed that cationic hemicellulose with a relatively high DS of 0.08 can be obtained when the optimum conditions are as follows: mass ratios of cationic etherifying agent to hemicellulose and catalyst to hemicellulose are 100% and 6%, respectively; the reaction temperature is 65℃ and the reaction time was 4 h. Further, the structures of unmodified and modified hemicellulose were characterized by FT-IR spectrum. The strength properties of hardwood kraft pulp, softwood kraft pulp and OCC can be improved significantly with the application of cationic hemicelluloses.
Key words：P-RC APMP;spent liquor;hemicellulose;modification;strengthen
愈创木基型和紫丁香基型木素小分子的漆酶生物改性
裴继诚 刘海棠 胡惠仁 石淑兰 张鑫璐
（天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室，天津，300457）
摘 要：从松柏醇、紫丁香醇模型物的角度入手，通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、红外光谱和颗粒电荷等测试手段，综合考察了漆酶对松柏醇、紫丁香醇生物改性的机理。松柏醇、紫丁香醇经漆酶处理后，GC-MS检测不到小分子单体的存在，推测两者都参与了化学反应。GPC分析证明，松柏醇和紫丁香醇漆酶处理后分子质量变大，发生了聚合。红外光谱确定了松柏醇漆酶处理过程中反应位点，主要是酚羟基、苯环上的甲氧基、苯环侧链上的双键，β碳、γ碳也有可能参与了反应，紫丁香醇反应位点是酚羟基、苯环上的甲氧基。产物苯环相应吸收峰强度和面积增加，有新的芳基醚键产生，说明苯环以醚键方式连接而聚合。漆酶处理后松柏醇、紫丁香醇阳离子需求量分别下降了88.4%，87.4%。
关键词：松柏醇；紫丁香醇；气相色谱-质谱联用；凝胶渗透色谱；红外光谱
中图分类号：TS7；O657
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0039-05
Modification of Guaiacyl and Syringyl Lignin Small Molecular with Laccase
PEI Ji-cheng* LIU Hai-tang HU Hui-ren SHI Shu-lan ZHANG Xin-lu
（Tianjin Key Lab of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin,300457）
Abstract：The mechanism of Laccase modification of coniferyl alcohol and syringol was studied by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), FT-IR spectrum and PCD (particle charge detector) et al testing measures. GC-MS could not detect the coniferyl alcohol/syringol monomer after treating by laccase, it was speculated that coniferyl alcohol/syringol participated in the reaction totally. GPC gave demonstration that the molecular weight of coniferyl alcohol/syringol treated by laccase increased, coniferyl alcohol/syringol polymerized. FT-IR spectrum determined the reaction points of coniferyl alcohol when treated by laccase were mainly in phenolic hydroxyl, aromatic ring side chain substituent such as methoxy, double bound in side chain, β-carbonyl groups, γ-carbonyl groups. The reaction points of syringol when treated by laccase were mainly in phenolic hydroxyl, methoxy of aromatic ring. The intensity and area of the peak corresponding to the aromatic rings increased, which showed that aromatic ring were linked by ether bond and polymerized. PCD results indicated that the cationic demand (CD) of coniferyl alcohol/ syringol decreased by 88.4%, 87.4% respectively.
Key words：coniferyl alcohol;syringol;gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;gel permeation chromatography;FT-IR spectra
半纤维素在离子液体中的均相改性研究
程合丽 林春香 朱平安 詹怀宇* 付时雨
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：以从玉米秸秆中提取的半纤维素为原料，丁二酸酐为酯化剂，以离子液体（BMIMCl）为反应介质，在不加任何催化剂的条件下，对半纤维素进行均相酯化改性。采用正交实验探讨了半纤维素均相酯化过程中的各种因素（酯化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间）对半纤维素酯化效率的影响，优选出酯化条件。利用红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振（1H-NMR）对产物结构进行了表征，并研究了改性后半纤维素对水溶液重金属离子的螯合能力。结果表明，改性半纤维素对金属离子具有较好的螯合能力。
关键词：玉米秸杆;半纤维素；离子液体；均相；酯化
中图分类号：TS71+1
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0044-03
Homogeneous Modification of Hemicellulose in an Ionic Liquid
CHENG He-li LIN Chun-xiang ZHU Ping-an ZHAN Huai-yu* FU Shi-yu
（State Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640）
（*E-mail: pphyzhan@scut.edu.cn）
Abstract：In this paper, the homogeneous esterification of hemicelluloses extracted from corn stalk with succinic anhydride in ionic liquid (BMIMCl) without any catalyst was studied. The effects of reaction factors on esterification were studied by the orthogonal experiment, and the preparation conditions were optimized. The structure of the product was characterized by FT-IR and NMR. Further, the chelating performance towards heavy metal ions of the modified hemicelluloses was also investigated. The results showed that the modified hemicellulose has good chelating performance for metal ions.
Key words：hemicelluloses; ionic liquid; homogeneous; esterification
木聚糖酶预处理对杨木木片磨浆及纸浆性能的影响
陈夫山1，3 张升友2,3* 王高升3 王松林1
（1.青岛科技大学化工学院，山东青岛，266042；2.中国制浆造纸研究院，北京，100020；3.天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室，天津，300457）
摘 要：研究了木聚糖酶预处理对杨木木片磨浆及纸浆性能的影响，探讨了酶用量对磨浆能耗、纸浆物理性能及纤维形态的影响。结果表明，木聚糖酶预处理能够促进磨浆，降低磨浆能耗，提高纸浆质量。在酶用量为20 IU/g、时间4 h时，磨浆能耗降低12.4%，撕裂指数提高23.5%，抗张指数提高20.6%。
关键词：木聚糖酶；磨浆；物理性能；纤维形态；扫描电镜
中图分类号：Q55
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0047-05
Effects of Pretreatment of Poplar Chips with Xylanase on Refining Performance and the Pulp Property
CHEN Fu-shan1,3 ZHANG Sheng-you2,3* WANG Gao-sheng3 WANG Song-lin1
（1. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266042; 2. China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Beijing, 100020; 3. Tianjin Key Lab of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin, 300457)
Abstract：Effects of pretreatment of poplar wood chips with xylanase, particular the xylanase dosages on the refining performances, pulp physical properties, and fiber morphology were studied. The results showed that xylanase treatment could promote refining, reduce refining energy consumption and improve pulp quality. When the xylanase dosage was 20 IU/g and the treating time was 4 hours, the energy consumption was saved by 12.4%, the tensile index was increased by 20.6%, and tear index was increased by 23.5%.
Key words：xylanase;refining;physical properties;fiber morphology;SEM
速生杨枝桠材P-RC APMP浆的酶促磨浆
杨桂花1,2 陈嘉川1 穆永生1 陈克复2
（1.山东轻工业学院造纸科学与技术省部共建教育部重点实验室，山东济南，250353；2.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：研究了纤维素酶和木聚糖酶对速生杨枝桠材P-RC APMP浆酶促磨浆性能的影响。实验结果表明酶预处理可以改善P-RC APMP浆的磨浆性能和成浆质量。纤维素酶和木聚糖酶预处理纸浆打浆度提高3~11°SR，磨浆能耗明显降低。最佳酶用量为25 IU/g。与未经过酶预处理速生杨枝桠材P-RC APMP浆相比，纤维素酶预处理纸浆裂断长提高11%，撕裂指数提高13%，耐破指数提高14%，耐折度提高50%，白度提高1.2个百分点；木聚糖酶预处理纸浆裂断长略有提高，撕裂指数提高15%，耐破指数提高11%，耐折度提高75%，白度提高1.9个百分点。酶预处理可抑制纸浆返黄。纤维素酶的酶促磨浆效果好于木聚糖酶。
关键词：枝桠材；纤维素酶；木聚糖酶； P-RC APMP浆；酶促打浆
中图分类号：TQ351.0；TS712
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0052-05
Refining Boosting Effects of Cellulase and Xylanase on P-RC APMP Pulp of Fast-growing Poplar Lop Wood
YANG Gui-hua1,2* CHEN Jia-chuan1 MU Yong-sheng1 CHEN Ke-fu2
(1. Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250353; 2.State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering,
South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
Abstract：Effect of cellulase and xylanase on refining boosting of P-RC APMP pulp of fast-growing poplar lop wood was studied. The results showed that the refining performance and quality of P-RC APMP pulp were improved. The beating degree of treated pulp increased in range from 3°SR to 11°SR, and refining energy decreased obviously. The optimal dosages of cellulase and xylanase were 25 IU/g. Compared with unpretreated pulp, the breaking length, tearing index, bursting index, folding endurance and brightness of the pretreated pulp with cellulase increased by 11%, 13%, 14%, 50% and 1.2% ISO respectively, and the pretreated pulp with xylanase increased by 2%, 15%, 12%, 75% and 1.9%ISO respectively. The PC values of the pulps pretreated with cellulase and xylanas decreased. It was found the pretreatment effect of cellulase was better than that of xylanase.
Key words：lop wood;cellulase;xylanase;P-RC APMP;enzymatic beating boosting
4种卷烟纸助剂的效果评价和分析
朱东来1，2 张悠金1* 钱 强2 黄海群3
（1.中国科学技术大学，安徽合肥，230026；2.红云红河烟草（集团）有限责任公司，云南昆明，650202；3.云南瑞升烟草技术（集团）有限公司，云南昆明，650106）
摘 要：对添加4种卷烟纸助剂乙酸钾、柠檬酸钾、富马酸钾和草酸钾的卷烟纸，采用热裂解-气相色谱-质谱技术探索助剂对卷烟的降焦、降一氧化碳（CO）的机理。研究表明，在助剂添加量为2.0%（对绝干浆）的条件下，用添加了上述助剂生产的卷烟纸生产的卷烟，其焦油含量分别降低了10.91%、13.94%、16.36%和13.33%；一氧化碳（CO）含量分别降低了12.57%、13.17%、17.96%和14.37%。卷烟感官评吸结果表明，卷烟纸助剂柠檬酸钾、富马酸钾对卷烟吸味有一定的提升作用。采用热裂解对使用不同助剂的卷烟纸进行研究，在一定程度上解释了卷烟纸助剂降CO、降焦以及对卷烟吸味影响的原因。
关键词：卷烟纸；助剂；降焦；降CO；机理
中图分类号：TS727+.2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0057-04
The Effect Evaluation and Mechanism Analysis of Four Cigarette Paper Additives on Reducing Tar and Other Harmful Components
ZHU Dong-lai1,2 ZHANG You-jin1* QIAN Qiang2 HUANG Hai-qun3
（1. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026; 2. Hongyun Honghe Tobacco(Group)Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650202; 3. Yunnan Reascend Technology(Group)Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650106）
Abstract：Four cigarette additives of potassium acetate, potassium citrate, potassium fumarates and
potassium oxalate have been selected in this research to investigate their effects on harm reduction.
The results showed that when 2.0% additives was added into cigarette papers respectively, the tar
in the main stream smoke decreased by 10.91%, 13.94%, 16.36% and 13.33%, and CO decreased by
12.57%, 13.17%, 17.96% and 14.37% respectively. The sense evaluation indicated that potassium
citrate and potassium fumarates have positive effects on cigarette taste. The mechanisms of harm
reduction and taste improvement have been elucidated to a certain extent through the pyrolysis
analysis of cigarette papers added the different additives.
Key words:cigarette paper;additives;tar reduction;CO reduction;mechanism
圆网纸机纸页成形原理及成形区设计的研究
陈永生
（湖南省造纸研究所，湖南湘潭，410014）
摘 要：对传统圆网纸机纸页成形过程及影响因素作了较为详细的论述，将“冲量”和“冲量功”的概念引入圆网部纸页成形过程，推导出成形弧长度的数学表达式和求解方法，且将浆料打浆度、浆料上网浓度、成形纸页定量和纸机车速等工艺因素引进求解过程，给出了传统顺流式圆网槽弧形板弧面位置、成形弧长度、成形区流道宽度等参数的求解方法，按照该方法设计圆网成形区，还可解决圆网纸机成形纸页的横向拉力较差的问题。
关键词：圆网纸机；成形弧长度；流道宽度；冲量功；横向强度
中图分类号：TS734+.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0061-06
Study on the Principle and Design of the Mound Paper Machine
CHEN Yong-sheng
（Hunan Paper Research Institute, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411104）
Abstract：The forming of mould machine is a complicated process. Many parameters such as single mould forming basis weight, beating degree, approach flow consistency, operation speed and wire mould radius directly influence the speed of white water filtrate in forming area. The article is an approach to solve the changing law of this process in Mathematic and Mechanic ways. Two critical parameters, forming arc length as well as flow width variation can be mathematically expressed by knowing those factors listed above. The result of this paper can be applied to solve the problem of low tensile index in CD direction of the paper.
Key words：the forming of mould machine;forming arc;flow width;impulse;CD tensile
基于遗传算法和BP网络的造纸废水处理预测研究
李伟奖 马邕文
（华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院，广东广州，510006）
摘 要：在造纸废水处理过程建立出水COD预测模型中，针对BP算法易陷入局部极小、收敛速度慢等缺点，根据遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm—GA）具有全局寻优的特点，将两者结合起来形成一种训练神经网络的混合算法——GA-BP算法；仿真结果表明，预测模型具有较强的学习能力和泛化能力，同时，建立的GA-BP模型预测输出的平均误差仅为0.88%，说明此模型可以有效、可靠地预测造纸废水出水COD。
关键词：遗传算法；BP网络；造纸废水处理
中图分类号：X793
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0067-05
Predicting the Papermaking Wastewater Treatment Process Based on Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network
LI Wei-jiang* MA Yong-wen
(College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006)
Abstract：A combining algorithm for neural network training is presented by combining BP algorithm and genetic algorithm in forecasting COD of papermaking wastewater treatment process according to the advantage of the globe optimal searching of genetic algorithm, in order to overcome the shortcomings that BP algorithm is usually trapped to a local optimum and it has a low speed of convergence weights. The simulative results indicated that the model has good ability both in learning and generalization, with the average relative errors of test data are 0.88%, indicates that this algorithm can effectively and reliably be used in the forecasting COD of papermaking wastewater treatment process by analyzing the results of real examples. This algorism can also effectively be used in other industrial wastewater treatment process.
Key words：genetic algorithm; BP algorithm; papermaking wastewa, ter treatment
基于DRNN的纸机定量水分解耦控制仿真分析
周 炜 胡慕伊*
（南京林业大学江苏省制浆造纸科学与技术重点实验室，江苏南京，210037）
摘 要：针对抄纸过程中具有的强耦合、大时滞特点，提出了一种自适应的PID解耦控制方法，利用对角回归神经网络（DRNN）来辨识系统模型，通过对PID控制器参数进行调整，实现多变量解耦控制。对纸机定量、水分控制系统的仿真研究结果表明：该方法具有较快的系统响应和抗干扰能力，较好地解决了定量和水分之间的耦合作用。
关键词：定量；水分；解耦控制；对角回归神经网络（DRNN）
中图分类号：TP183;TS736+.4
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0072-03
Paper Basis Weight and Moisture Decoupled Control Based on Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network
ZHOU Wei HU Mu-yi*
(Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037)
Abstract：Considering paper-making process has strong coupling and large time-delay characteristics, and an adaptive PID control method is suggested to decouple the basis weight and moisture. It can perfectly achieve to decouple multi-variable control system by using diagonal recurrent neural network to identify the system model and adjust the PID parameters. Simulation on basis weight and moisture control system shows that it has fine performance on decoupling and fast response
Key words：basis weight;moisture;decoupling control;diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN)
复卷机放纸辊直流传动弱磁控制方法及其实现
孙 标1 王长义2
（1.郑州航空工业管理学院机电工程学院，河南郑州，450015；2.河南郑州供电公司，河南郑州，450000）
摘 要：介绍了复卷机放卷系统弱磁过程中的特殊性，说明了在弱磁过程中需兼顾对电枢电流的控制，为此要计算实际的磁通量。由于数字直流驱动装置本身可实时计算电机的感应电动势，所以上位机通过读取该值，就可计算得到实际的磁通量。同时讨论了计算中所需的电枢回路电阻以及电感等参数的测量问题。
关键词：弱磁；电枢电流；感应电动势；磁通量
中图分类号：TS736
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0075-04
The Method and Realization of DC Unwind Moter Field Weakening Control
SUN Biao1,* WANG Chang-yi2
（1. Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450015; 2. Henan Zhengzhou Power Supply Company, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450000）
Abstract：The characteristic of unwinding tension system is introduced in this paper, the conclusion is that the motor armature current must be adjusted synchronously in course of field weakening process, so the actual flux is necessary to be calculated. The master controller can read the actual EMF from the DC digital converter that calculated by itself via communications, then the calculating of actual flux is viable. The paper further discusses the automatic measurement of some parameters that would be used in calculating flux, i.e. the overall resistance and inductance of the armature loop.
Key words：field weakening;armature current;EMF;flux
采用NI LabVIEW平台的新型絮凝分析系统的开发
赵光磊 李 威 乌日娜 何北海*
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：采用透光脉动原理研制了光学传感器，并采用虚拟仪器的研发理念设计了一种适合评价填料絮凝的分析系统。利用此系统对纸机湿部助留系统中填料的絮凝进行了考察，并采用Malvern MS2000对絮凝分析系统的输出信号R值与被测絮团实际粒径之间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明，该系统的絮凝指数（R值）与被测絮团粒径具有很好的线性相关性，线性拟合方程：y＝19.0x-16.8（相关系数R2为0.9711）。
关键词：湿部化学；絮凝分析系统；传感器；絮凝指数
中图分类号：TS736
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0079-04
The Development of a Flocculation Analysis Instrument Based on the Principle of Transmitted Light Fluctuation and NI LabVIEW
ZHAO Guang-lei LI Wei WU Ri-na HE Bei-hai*
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
Abstract：Recently, photometric dispersion analyzer (PDA) has been widely used in different field, which was developed based on the principle of transmitted light fluctuation. In this paper, a novel optical sensor was prepared using the same operation principle as PDA, with which a new fluctuation analysis system for wet-end retention system was developed using virtual instrument techniques. The flocculation of the filler in wet-end was analyzed with this instrument. It was found that the data were in good agreement with qualitative information related to particle size distribution of water systems obtained by using Malvern MS2000， and the linear equation was: y=19.0x-16.8 (RSD=0.9711).
Key words：wet-end chemistry;retention analysis system;sensor;flocculation index
用新型絮凝分析系统研究DCS对填料絮凝的影响
赵光磊 李 威 乌日娜 何北海*
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：采用自主研发的絮凝分析系统，通过测量絮团大小，分析了DCS（溶解和胶体物质）含量对不同助留系统中填料絮凝的影响并对其絮凝机理进行探讨。结果表明，在一定范围内，DCS含量的增加可以提高阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）、聚氧化乙烯（PEO）以及CPAM/PEI（聚乙烯亚胺）助留系统对填料的絮凝作用；由于改性磺化酚醛树脂（PFR）的“协同因子”作用，即使在DCS含量为0时，PEO/PFR助留系统也会表现出较强的絮凝能力。
关键词：DCS；絮凝指数；助留系统；滑石粉；PCC
中图分类号：TS727
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0083-03
Analysis of Effect of DCS on the Floculation of the Filler by a Self-made Flocculation-analysis Instrument
ZHAO Guang-lei LI Wei WU Ri-na HE Bei-hai*
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering，South China University of Technology，Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
Abstract：A self-made flocculation analysis instrument was used in this paper for measuring the size of floc. Using this instrument, effects of DCS contents in various retention systems on flocculation of the fillers were studied and the flocculation mechanism of the fillers was also discussed. Results showed that, within the examined ranges, increasing DCS content can increase the size of floc in CPAM, PEO and CPAM/PEI retention systems. It is considered that DCS acted as a cofactor involving in the flocculation. This research work not only provides references for control of flocculation in newsprint production, but also proves that the self-made flocculation analysis instrument is suitable for measurement of the floc size.
Key words：DCS; flocculation index; retention system; talc; PCC
遗传编程在低浓打浆过程建模中的应用
张政江
（浙江大学，浙江杭州，310027）
摘 要：遗传编程是一种具有自动选择输入变量、自动确定模型结构特性的新的建模方法。在分析了遗传编程进化速度慢的原因后，采用新的适应值调整方法，改善了进化速度。将该方法用于低浓打浆过程的动态建模的结果显示，依此建立的模型能较好地反映打浆过程的动态特性。
关键词：动态模型； 打浆过程； 遗传编程
中图分类号：TS749
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0086-04
Genetic Programming and Its Application to Establish the Model of Low Consistency Refining
ZHANG Zheng-jiang
(Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027)
Abstract：Genetic programming (GP) can derive both a model structure and its parameter values, and GP is a novel technique of process modeling. After the cause of slow evolution of GP is analyzed, a novel fitness stimulating method is introduced into GP to improve the evolution of GP. The method is applied to establish the model of low consistency refining, and results show that the model can well reveal the dynamic performances of stock refining process.
Key words：dynamic model;refining process;genetic programming
纤维素接枝共聚的研究进展
林春香1 詹怀宇1 刘明华1,2 付时雨1
（1.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640；2.福州大学环境与资源学院，福建福州，350108）
摘 要：综述了纤维素接枝共聚改性的研究进展，主要介绍了纤维素的非均相接枝共聚和均相接枝共聚，重点介绍了近年来研究的活性/可控自由基聚合。
关键词：纤维素；接枝共聚；非均相；均相；活性/可控自由基聚合
中图分类号：TS71+2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0090-06
Study Progress of Graft Copolymerization of Cellulose
LIN Chun-xiang1* ZHAN Huai-yu1 LIU Ming-hua1,2 FU shi-yu1
(1. State Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640; 2. College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108)
Abstract：The study progress of graft copolymerization of cellulose was overviewed. The heterogeneous graft copolymerization and homogeneous graft copolymerization, emphatically living/controlled free radical copolymerization developed in recent years were introduced.
Key words：cellulose;graft copolymerization; heterogeneous;homogeneous; living/controlled free radical copolymerization
纸基摩擦材料的摩擦性能及其机理研究现状
钟林新 付时雨* 周雪松 詹怀宇
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：纸基摩擦材料因其优异的摩擦性能在交通运输机械、建筑矿山机械等各类车辆与工程机械的自动变速器和制动器中得到广泛的应用，是一类重要的摩擦材料。文章介绍了纸基摩擦材料的接合机理、润滑油作用机制、纸基摩擦材料性能的影响因素（孔隙率、材料力学性能及温度）、表面形貌及磨损机理的研究现状。
关键词：纸基摩擦材料；润滑机理；摩擦性能；表面形貌
中图分类号：TH117.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0096-06
Advances of Study on Friction Properties and Mechanisms of Paper-based Friction Materials
ZHONG Lin-xin FU Shi-yu* ZHOU Xue-song ZHAN Huai-yu
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640）
Abstract：Paper-based friction material which has outstanding friction properties has been widely applied in automatic transmissions and braking systems of various vehicles and engineering machines. In last decade, with the increasing of recognizing the importance and the potential applications of this material, related studies were carried out and some theories were developed. This paper is focused on the advances of study on the engagement and lubrication mechanisms, the effects of material structure, mechanics, temperature and surface morphology characteristics on the friction properties of paper-based friction material.
Key words：paper-based friction material;lubrication mechanism;friction properties;morphology characteristics
造纸废水深度处理技术的应用研究进展
李志萍1 刘千钧1，2 林亲铁1 孙 斌1
（1.广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院，广东广州，510006；2.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：造纸工业废水排放标准的日益严格，使造纸废水的深度处理变得十分必要。目前国内外研究的造纸废水深度处理方法多种多样，但只有部分工艺在造纸企业废水治理中得到应用。本文就深度处理方法（如物理化学法、生物化学法和物理化学-生物化学联用法）的应用情况进行了综述。
关键词：造纸废水；深度处理
中图分类号：X793
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2010）01-0102-06
The Application Study Progress of Advanced Treatment Technology of Papermaking Wastewater
LI Zhi-ping1* LIU Qian-jun1,2 LIN Qin-tie1 SUN Bin1
(1. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006; 2. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
Abstract：With increasingly strict discharge standard of wastewater in paper industries is adopted, its necessary to execute advanced treatment to effluents from paper mill. At present, there are many kinds of advanced treatment processes that have been studied both at home and abroad. However, only parts of them have been used in paper enterprises. In this paper, the application of advanced treatments is discussed, such as physical-chemical process, biochemical process and physical-chemical combined with biochemical process.
Key words：paper mill effluent;advanced treatment | 
