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首页 >> 中国造纸杂志社 >> 中国造纸学报 >> 摘要 >> 《中国造纸学报》2011年第2期中英文摘要
研究论文
 
3种丛生竹化学成分与纤维形态研究
苏文会    范少辉*    余林    封焕英    彭颖
(国际竹藤网络中心,国家林业局竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京,100102)
摘    要:研究了大型丛生竹车筒竹、箣竹和越南巨竹的化学成分和纤维特征,并与青皮竹作比较;结果表明,车筒竹、箣竹和越南巨竹的综纤维素含量分别达7343%、7171%和6737%,酸不溶木素分别为2313%、2139%和2372%,均与青皮竹的相应值基本相当;抽出物中,3种竹材的苯-醇抽出物均较低,而热水抽出物和氢氧化钠抽出物较高;纤维特征方面,3种竹材纤维长度分别为237 mm、227 mm和249 mm,属于长纤维原料,且高于青皮竹;纤维长宽比分别达144、124和128,与青皮竹相当或略小,而壁腔比均小于青皮竹。从对造纸原料的要求看,3种竹材综纤维素含量较高,木素与抽出物含量较低或中等,纤维形态较好,适宜作为造纸原料。
关键词:车筒竹;箣竹;越南巨竹;化学成分;纤维形态
 
Study on Chemical Compositions and Fiber Morphologies of Bambusa Sinospinosa,  Bambusa Blumeana and Dendrocalamus Yunnanicus Stem
SU Wen-hui    FAN Shao-hui*    YU Lin    FENG Huan-ying    PENG Ying
(International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102)
(*E-mail: fansh@icbr.ac.cn)
Abstract:The chemical compositions and fibre morphologies of Bambusa sinospinosa,Bambusa blumeana and Dendrocalamus yunnanicus which are large sympodial bamboos were studied and compared with Bambusa textilis which is good fiber raw material for paper industry. The result showed that the holocellulose contents of three bamboos are 73.43%, 71.71% and 67.37%, and the contents of acid insoluble lignin are 23.13%, 21.39% and 23.72% respectively, which are all roughly equal to those of B. textilis. Concerning the extractives, the benzene-alcohol extractives are lower, and 1% NaOH and water (100℃) extractives are slightly higher. In terms of  fibre morphologies, the fiber length  of three sympodial bamboos are 2.37 mm, 2.27 mm and 2.49 mm respectively, which all belong to long-fibre plant materials, and are also longer than that of B. textilis. The ratio of fiber length to width  of the three bamboos are 144, 124 and 128 respectively, which are equal or a little lower than that of B. textilis; for the ratio of wall thickness of fiber cell to the lumen diameter, the three bamboos are all lower. The three sympodial bamboos are suitable for use  as pulping raw material.
Key words:Bambusa sinospinosa; Bambusa blumeana; Dendrocalamus yunnanicus; chemical composition; fibre morphology
 
 
 
热处理对毛竹化学成分变化的影响
张亚梅    余养伦    于文吉
 (中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京,100091)
摘    要:在空气介质中对毛竹进行热处理,通过化学成分分析方法探讨了热处理温度(100~220℃)和热处理时间(1~4 h)对毛竹化学成分含量及颜色的影响,并结合热处理后毛竹失重率的变化情况分析了失重率与化学成分变化的相关性。结果表明,随着热处理温度的升高和热处理时间的延长,综纤维素和α-纤维素含量呈逐渐降低的趋势,而酸不溶木素含量呈相对升高的趋势,毛竹的失重率呈逐渐升高的趋势。失重率与综纤维素和α-纤维素含量之间为显著相关,颜色的变化主要由木素颜色的变化引起。
关键词: 热处理;毛竹;化学成分;失重率;颜色
 
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Chemical Composition of Bamboo
ZHANG Ya-mei*    YU Yang-lun    YU Wen-ji
(Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091)
(*E-mail: zhangyamei20060918@126.com)
Abstract:In order to study the effect of heat treatment on the chemical composition of bamboo, the Phyllostachys pubescence specimens were treated under temperatures from 100℃ to 220℃ for 1~4 hours in the air. The chemical composition content and color were tested through the chemical analysis method, and the effects of temperature and treatment duration on the chemical compositon content and mass loss were investigated. The results showed that as the temperature and treatment duration increasing, the contents of holocellulose and α-cellulose decreased, but the content of lignin increased relatively. The mass loss rate and the main contents of holocellulose and α-cellulose had significant correlation,the change of the lignin color was the main reason of the bamboo color change.
Key words:heat treatment; Phyllostachys pubescence; chemical component; mass loss; color
 
 
 
几种散生、丛生和混生竹材的比较解剖研究
杨淑敏   江泽慧1*    任海青   费本华1    刘杏娥1
(1国际竹藤网络中心,北京,100102;2中国林科院木材工业研究所,北京,100091)
摘    要:对6种分属于散生、丛生和混生竹材的解剖结构进行了对比研究,结果表明,6个竹种的维管束密度介于19~33个/μm2,维管束径弦向长度分别为375~617 μm、412~545 μm,径弦向长度比09~12。6个竹种的纤维组织比量、薄壁组织比量和输导组织比量分别介于10%~40%、51%~83%和6%~14%。6个竹种的纤维、薄壁组织细胞和导管的双壁厚、腔径和壁腔比在竹青、竹中和竹黄中的变化趋势未表现出明显的规律。除薄壁组织细胞的腔径在竹种之间不存在显著差异之外,纤维和导管的双壁厚、腔径和壁腔比以及薄壁组织细胞的双壁厚和壁腔比均存在显著差异。
关键词:竹材;解剖特性;维管束;细胞壁厚
 
Comparative Anatomy Study of 6 Bamboo Species
YANG Shu-min1    JIANG Ze-hui1*    REN Hai-qing2    FEI Ben-hua1    LIU Xing-e1
(1. International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102; 2. Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy Forestry, Beijing, 100091)
(*E-mail: shangke620@hotmail.com)
Abstract:The anatomical characteristics of 6 bamboo species including scattering, mixed and caespitose growing bamboos were compared. The frequency of vascular bundle of six bamboo species ranges from 1.9~3.3 numbers/μm2. The radial and chord width of the vascular bundle and their ratio range from 375~617 μm, 412~545 μm and 0.9~1.2 respectively. Fibre, parenchyma and conductive tissue proportion of 6 bamboo species range from 10%~14%, 51%~83% and 6%~14% respectively. The double cell-wall thickness, lumen diameter and their ratio of fibre, parenchyma and vessel present irregular change pattern in tangential direction. The double cell-wall thickness, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness/diameter ratio of fibre and vessel as well as double cell-wall thickness and cell wall thickness/diameter ratio of parenchyma have significant differances among species, but not in lumen diameter of parenchyma.
Key words:bamboo; characteristics of cell wall; vascular bundle; cell-wall thickness
 
 
 
漆酶和APMP废液中酚类物质共同改善OCC纸浆纤维性能的研究
张鑫璐    裴继诚*    张方东    于秀玲    胡惠仁
(天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室,天津,300457)
摘    要:采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对APMP废液中酚类物质进行鉴别,同时对不同方式处理的OCC纸浆进行纤维性能分析和成纸物理性能检测。GC-MS分析表明,APMP废液中含有3种酚类物质——对-甲氧基-苯酚、紫丁香醇和松柏醇,并且在其与漆酶共同处理OCC纸浆过程中这些酚类物质参与反应;模型物凝胶色谱(GPC)分析表明,漆酶处理后小分子酚类物质发生了自由基缩合,产物聚合;纤维形态和表面电镜分析表明,聚合的小分子酚类物质以缩合木素的形式迁移到纤维表面,增加纤维表面木素含量,从而提高成纸强度特别是湿环压强度。
关键词:漆酶;APMP废液;气相色谱-质谱联用;OCC纸浆;酚类物质
 
Modification of OCC Pulp by Laccase with the Phenols Contained in APMP Waste Liquor
ZHANG Xin-lu    PEI Ji-cheng*    ZHANG Fang-dong    YU Xiu-ling    HU Hui-ren
(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering,
Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457)
(*E-mail: jcpei@tust.edu.cn)
Abstract:This paper studied the working mechanism of natural mediators (phenols derived from small molecule lignin existing in APMP (alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp) waste liquor) in laccase-assisted modification of OCC (old corrugated container) pulp.Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analysis natural phenolic compounds, the changes of fiber surface morphology and physical properties of the sheet after laccase/natural mediator ( existing in APMP waste liquor) system treatment were studied. GC-MS confirmed that APMP waste liquor contained three major phenolic compounds, namely: 4-methoxyphenol, syringol and coniferyl alcohol. These phenolic compounds participated the laccase treatment, thus the lignin content on fiber surface increased therefore the paper strength, especially wet ring crush strength was improved.
Key words:laccase; APMP waste liquor;  gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; OCC pulp; phenols
 
 
毛竹硫酸盐法蒸煮及其全无氯漂白浆的特性
金光范1    大井 洋2
(1浙江科技学院轻工学院,浙江杭州,310023;2筑波大学生命环境科学研究科,日本筑波,305-8572)
摘    要:对采自杭州小和山的毛竹的化学成分和纸浆特性进行了分析,并与桉木、杉木和洋麻韧皮的蒸煮及漂白特性作了比较;结果表明,毛竹的木素含量与桉木相似,而木糖含量则高于洋麻韧皮和桉木。毛竹硫酸盐蒸煮脱木素速率与桉木相似,快于洋麻韧皮,但纸浆得率相比较低。在卡伯值为20左右时,毛竹纸浆得率与杉木相近。毛竹未漂浆的白度高于桉木和洋麻韧皮,己烯糖醛酸(HexA)的含量低。毛竹浆氧脱木素后白度高于桉木浆和洋麻韧皮浆。
关键词:毛竹;浆得率;木素;全无氯漂白
 
Kraft Pulping and TCF Bleaching Performances of Phyllostachys Pubescens Stem
JIN Guang-fan1*    Hiroshi OHI2
(1. School of Light Industry, Zhejiang Unibersity of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejing Province, 310023; 2.Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan)
(*E-mail: jinguangfan@zcst.edu.cn)
Abstract:Bamboo is commonly used as a raw material at some of pulp mills. In this study, Phyllostachys pubescens obtained from Xiaohe-shan, Hangzhou was chemically analyzed, cooked with kraft process and bleached with totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching. In addition, P. pubescens stem was compared with Hibiscus cannabinus bast, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don wood and Eucalyptus grandis wood. The lignin content of P. pubescens stem is similar to that of E. grandis wood and the xylan content of P. pubescens is higher compared with the others. In kraft cooking, the delignification rate of P. pubescens is equal to that of E. grandis and better than that of H. cannabinus bast. However, in a given kappa number the pulp yield of P. pubescens is lower than that of both E. gradis and H. cannabinus bast and is equal to that of C. japonica. The hexenuronic acid  content of P. pubescens kraft pulp is lower than that of H. cannabinus bast and E. grandis. The brightness of unbleached pulp prepared from P. pubescens is much higher than that from H. cannabinus and E. gradis. The P. pubescens pulp has higher brightness after oxygen bleaching than the pulps of the H. cannabinus and E. grandis.
Key words:bamboo; pulp yields;  lignin; pulp; TCF
 
 
 
硫酸盐法制浆过程中阴离子对304不锈钢孔蚀的影响
王淑梅    戴红旗    方    莹
(南京林业大学江苏省制浆造纸科学与技术重点实验室,江苏南京,210037)
摘    要:用动电位扫描极化曲线研究了硫酸盐制浆中的阴离子对304不锈钢孔蚀的影响。结果表明,介质中的氯离子和硫离子具有侵蚀性,可以破坏不锈钢上的钝化膜,促进蚀孔的形成和生长;硫酸根离子和碳酸根离子可抑制不锈钢的腐蚀和蚀孔的形成,当碳酸根离子浓度达到0094 mol/L、硫酸根离子浓度超过0014 mol/L时,孔蚀可被明显抑制;随着温度的升高,在模拟蒸煮液中,304不锈钢的孔蚀更易发生。
关键词:硫酸盐制浆;不锈钢;孔蚀;阴离子        
 
Effect of Anion on Pitting Corrosion of the 304 Stainless Steel in the Kraft Pulping
WANG Shu-mei*    DAI Hong-qi    FANG Ying
(Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technpplogy,Nanjing Forestry University,
Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037)
(*E-mail: nlwsmyrq@163.com)
Abstract:The effect of anion on the pitting corrosion of 304 stainless steel in kraft pulping was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization curve. The results showed that chloridion and sulfide in medium are corrosive, which can destroy the passive film of stainless steel and promote the formation and growth of the pits; sulfuric acid radical ion and carbonate acid radical ion can prevent the corrosion and the formation of pits of stainless steel, especially when the concentration of carbonate acid radical ion reaches 0.094 mol/L and sulfuric acid radical ion reaches 0.014 mol/L; the pitting phenomenon of 304 stainless steel is easier to occur in the simulative cooking liquid, when temperature increases.
Key words:kraft pulping; stainless steal; pitting corrosion; anion
 
 
 
几种填料的物理特性及其在造纸中的应用比较
万    丽    李媛媛    戴红旗*
(南京林业大学江苏省制浆造纸科学与技术重点实验室, 江苏南京,210037)
摘    要:对造纸填料PCC、GCC、硫酸钡、TiO2、滑石粉的密度、折射率、比表面积、粒径与分布进行了分析测定,并将它们用于抄造较低定量的纸中,比较了填料在纸中的留着情况、纸张的光学性能和印刷透印值。
关键词:填料;光学性能;留着;透印值;
 
Papermaking Fillers: Its Physical Characteristics and Application
WAN Li    LI Yuan-yuan    DAI Hong-qi*
(Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science of Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037)
(*E-mail: daihq@njfu.com.cn)
Abstract:In this paper, the density, refractive index, surface area, particle size and its distribution of PCC, GCC, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide and talcum powder which were used as filler in lighter weight papers were tested. The optical properties and print through of the paper as well as the filler retention were compared.
Key words:filler; optical properties; retention; print through
 
 
 
聚氨酯接枝淀粉的合成及应用
陈夫山    赵    华    宋晓明
(青岛科技大学化工学院,山东青岛,266042)
摘    要:聚氨酯型接枝淀粉表面施胶剂是近年开发的新型表面施胶剂。本研究以聚氨酯预聚体作为抗水性单体合成了性能优良的聚氨酯型接枝淀粉表面施胶剂。聚氨酯预聚体的较佳合成条件为:甲苯二异氰酸酯用量为1,4-丁二醇的15%,反应温度为80℃;施胶剂的较佳合成条件为:预聚体用量为淀粉的10%,单体与淀粉的质量比为2∶1,苯乙烯与丙烯酸丁酯的质量比为15∶1。
关键词:聚氨酯预聚体;接枝;淀粉;施胶剂
 
Synthesis and Application of Starch Grafted with Polyurethane Prepolymer
CHEN Fu-shan*    ZHAO Hua    SONG Xiao-ming
(Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266042)
(*E-mail:chen-fushan@263.net)
Abstract:Polyurethane-based grafted starch is a new type of surface sizing agent in recent years. In this paper, polyurethane prepolymer was used as a special water-resisant monomer, polyurethane-based grafted starch agent with good performance was synthesized. The better synthesis conditions of prepolymer were as follows: The amount of toluene di-isocyanate is 15% of 1,4-butanediol, the temperature is 80℃. The optimal synthesis conditions of the sizing agent were as follows: the amount of prepolymer is 10% (on starch), the weight ratio of monomer to starch is 2∶1, the weight ratio of styene to butyl acrylate is 1.5∶1.
Key words:polyurethane prepolymer; graft; starch; sizing
 
 
 
纤维素酶在不同长度纤维上的吸附行为
吕    健    詹怀宇    付时雨
(华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东广州,510640)
摘    要:纤维素酶在纤维表面上的吸附是纤维素水解糖化的第一步,探讨了纤维素酶在不同长度纤维上的吸附行为。纤维素酶在纤维上吸附约60 min后可达到平衡,且吸附量随初始酶用量的增加而增多。吸附过程遵循Langmuir等温吸附,且纤维素酶在短纤维上具有最大的吸附量,但在长纤维上具有最大的Langmuir吸附平衡常数,说明纤维素酶在长纤维上能更快地达到吸附平衡。对吸附热力学常数的计算表明,纤维素酶吸附是自发、放热过程,且不可逆吸附。纤维素酶在48目纤维上有最大的吸附焓变,在28目纤维上有最大的吸附熵变。
关键词:纤维素酶;不同长度的纤维;吸附;吸附等温线;热力学常数
 
Adsorption Behaviors of Cellulase on Cellulose Fiber Fractions with Different Fiber Length
LV Jian*    ZHAN Huai-yu    FU Shi-yu
(State Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail: lv.jian328@gmail.com)
Abstract:Adsorption of cellulase on the surfaces of cellulose fibers is the first step of cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and saccharification. The adsorption behaviors of cellulase on cellulose fiber fractions with different fiber length were quantitatively discussed in this study. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in around 60 minutes, and the adsorption amount increased with increasing initial cellulase dose. The adsorption process was well described by Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption amount was found on the short fiber, and there was the maximum Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant in the adsorption on the long fiber, which indicated that cellulase shows the highest adsorption affinity on the long fiber. The calculated thermodynamics parameters indicated that adsorption of cellulase on cellulose fiber is a spontaneous, exothermic and irreversible process. The highest enthalpy change ΔH° and entropy change ΔS° were found in the adsorption on 48 mesh fraction and 28 mesh fraction respectively.
Key words:cellulase; different fiber length; adsorption; adsorption isotherms; thermodynamics parameters
 
 
 
 
一种新型球形纤维素螯合吸附剂的制备
姚梅宾1    刘明华1,2*    刘以凡1,2
(1福州大学环境与资源学院,福建福州,350108;2福建省生物质资源化技术开发基地,福建福州,350108)
摘    要:以硫酸盐马尾松浆纤维素为原料制备黏胶纤维,利用热溶胶转相法和反相悬浮技术制得球形纤维素珠体,然后对其进行接枝和微波催化改性制备球形纤维素螯合吸附剂SCCA,并应用现代分析测试方法对SCCA进行理化性能表征。研究表明,SCCA含咪唑基和羧基等特征官能团,改性的最佳条件为:单体与珠体质量比为5∶1,引发剂硝酸铈铵与硝酸的浓度分别为912 mmol/L和01 mol/L,反应温度50℃,反应时间60 min;微波功率600 W,辐射时间60 s,二乙烯三胺浓度485 mol/L,催化剂浓度039 mol/L。制备的SCCA对Cr3+的吸附容量为3853 mg/g。
关键词:球形纤维素;螯合吸附剂;接枝;微波催化;咪唑基
 
Preparation of a Novel Spherical Cellulose Chelating Adsorbent
YAO Mei-bin1    LIU Ming-hua1,2*    LIU Yi-fan1,2
(1. College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108; 2. Fujian Provincial Technology Exploitation Base of Biomass Resources, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108)
(*E-mail:mhliu2000@263net)
Abstract:Viscose was prepared with masson pine kraft pulp, and the spherical cellulose beads were obtained by applying the thermal solution-gel transition technique, the cellulose beads were modified by grafting and microwave catalysis to prepare spherical cellulose adsorbent SCCA whose physical and chemical properties were identified by the modern analytical methods. The study showed that the SCCA contains caoboxyl and imidazolyl groups. The optimum modified conditions are as follows: the concentration of initiators cerium nitrate and ammonium are 9.12 mmol/L and 0.1 mol/L respectively, grafting temperature is 50℃ and grafting time is 60 min. The optimum microwave modification conditions are 4.85 mol/L of diethylenetriamine and 0.39 mol/L of the catalyst, radiating for 60 s with 600 W power. The resultant adsorption capacity of Cr3+ is 38.53 mg/g.
Key words:spherical cellulose; chelating adsorbent; grafting; microwave catalytic; imidazolyl
 
 
 
催化剂对甘蔗渣碱木质素催化湿空气氧化降解的催化作用
姚向荣    詹怀宇    周生飞
(华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室, 广东广州, 510640)
摘    要:选取5种不同的催化剂对甘蔗渣碱木质素进行了催化湿空气氧化降解。结果表明,甘蔗渣碱木质素催化湿空气氧化降解的主要产物为对羟基苯甲醛、香草醛、丁香醛、丁香酸、香草酸和乙酰丁香酮;在实验条件下,反应时间对催化剂催化效果的影响较大,随着反应时间的延长,大部分小分子酚醛类化合物的浓度逐渐升高;使用催化剂能较大幅度地提高小分子酚醛类化合物的浓度。以Co2O3为催化剂,丁香醛、乙酰丁香酮、香草醛的浓度分别为4002 mg/L、3514 mg/L、2487 mg/L,与未添加催化剂相比较,香草醛浓度提高了826%;当以AQ为催化剂时,香草醛浓度为3449 mg/L,与空白样相比其浓度提高了15倍以上。在甘蔗渣碱木质素的催化湿空气氧化法降解过程中,以Co2O3、CuSO4、MnO2 、AQ、Fe2O3作催化剂降解甘蔗渣碱木质素所得的酚醛类化合物总浓度分别为1696 mg/L、1658 mg/L、1584 mg/L、1347 mg/L和1250 mg/L,实验选用的5种催化剂中,Co2O3催化效果最理想,CuSO4和MnO2次之,而AQ和Fe2O3仅对少量小分子酚醛类化合物的浓度贡献较大。
关键词:甘蔗渣;碱木质素;催化湿空气氧化法;催化剂
 
Degradation of Bagasse Alkaline Lignin by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation with Five Catalysts
YAO Xiang-rong*    ZHAN Huai-yu    ZHOU Sheng-fei
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(E-mail: yaoxiangrong123@126.com)
Abstract:In this paper, bagasse alkaline lignin was degraded by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) with five different catalysts. The results showed that the main degradation products were: p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, vanillic acid and acetosyringone. The concentration of aromatic substances increased when the reaction time increased. Catalysts had a significant effect on the concentration of aromatic substances. Using Co2O3 as catalyst, the concentration of vanillin, syringaldehyde and acetosyringone were 400.2 mg/L, 351.4 mg/L, and 248.7 mg/L respectively, and the concentration of vanillin increased 82.6% comparing to no catalyst was used. Using AQ as catalyst, the concentration of vanillin was 344.9 mg/L which was 1.5 times of that without using catalyst. Using Co2O3, CuSO4, MnO2, AQ, Fe2O3 as catalysts, the total concentrations of phenolic aldehyde compounds were 1696 mg/L, 1658 mg/L, 1584 mg/L, 1347 mg/L and 1250 mg/L respectively,which explained that using Co2O3 as the catalyst was  the best, and CuSO4 and MnO2 were the next, the catalysts of AQ and Fe2O3 only contributed to produce several kinds of phenolic aldehyde compounds with small molecules.
Key words:bagasse; alkaline lignin; catalytic wet air oxidation; catalyst
 
 
 
 
改性木质素胺吸附剂对废水中Pb2+的吸附
刘祖广    吕施贤    闫晓雪    张太顺    曾    薇
(广西民族大学化学与生态工程学院,广西南宁,530006)
摘    要:以木质素、二乙烯三胺和甲醛为原料,通过Mannich反应合成改性木质素胺吸附剂,考察了不同吸附条件对Pb2+吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明:n(木质素)∶n(二乙烯三胺)∶n(甲醛)=1∶15∶45条件下,改性木质素胺吸附剂对Pb2+吸附效果最好;在吸附温度为45℃、吸附剂用量为12 g/L、溶液pH值为50、吸附时间为24 h的最佳吸附条件下,合成的吸附剂对Pb2+的去除率为5982%,吸附量为4985 mg/g。该吸附过程为慢性吸附,动力学模型符合McKay二级吸附动力学。改性木质素胺对Pb2+吸附过程是受颗粒内扩散和液膜扩散的共同影响,其中颗粒内扩散是主要的控制步骤。
关键词:木质素;木质素胺;吸附;Pb2+
 
Adsorption of Lead Ions in Effluent onto Lignin Amines Adsorbents from Modified Kraft Lignin
LIU Zu-guang*    LV Shi-xian    YAN Xiao-xue    ZHANG Tai-shun    ZENG Wei
(College of Chemistry and Ecological Engineering,Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530006)
(*E-mail:liuzug@163.com)
Abstract:Lignin amine adsorbents were synthesized from kraft lignin, diethylenetriamine and formaldehyde via Mannich reaction. The effect of different conditions on the adsorption of Pb2+ was investigated. The results showed that the lignin amine with n(lignin)∶n(diethylenetriamine)∶n (formaldehyde) = 1∶1.5∶4.5 had the best adsorbing efficiency among three different lignin absorbents. The optimum adsorption conditions were as follows: adsorption temperature was 45℃, the amount of adsorbents was 1.2 g/L, pH was 5.0 and the adsorption time was 24 hours. Under these conditions the removal of Pb2+ reached 59.82%, the adsorption capacity was 49.85 mg/g. This adsorption process was chronic adsorption, the dynamic model was consistent with McKay secondary adsorption kinetics. The adsorption of Pb2+ on lignin amine was affected by the intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion, and the intraparticle diffusion was the  main rate-controlling step.
Key words:lignin; lignin amine; adsorption; Pb2+
 
 
 
 
综        述
 
 
基于可拓物元模型的林纸一体化项目环境影响综合评价
刘    蕾    高军侠    姜灵艳    梁丽珍
(郑州航空工业管理学院资源与环境研究所,河南郑州,450015)
摘    要:针对林纸一体化项目对环境影响的问题,利用物元分析理论进行研究。在综合分析的基础上,构建了林纸一体化项目对环境影响的评价指标体系,并利用多指标可拓综合评价方法建立林纸一体化项目对环境影响评价的物元模型。以某林纸一体化项目为例对环境影响程度进行了综合评价。
关键词:林纸一体化项目;综合评价;物元分析;关联函数
 
Comprehensive Evaluation of Forestry-paper Integration Project Influence on Environment Based on a Matter Element Model
LIU Lei*    GAO Jun-xia    JIANG Ling-yan    LIANG Li-zhen
(Institute of Resources and Environment, Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management, Zhengzhou, He'nan Province, 450015)
(*E-mail: liulei7913@zzia.edu.cn)
Abstract:The influence of forestry-paper integration(FPI)project on environment was evaluated based on the matter element theory. By comprehensively analyzing the effects of FPI project on environment, an index system to assess the effect of FPI on environment was built up. Then, a matter element model for assessing the effects of FPI project on environment  was constructed by introducing the multi-factor evaluation method. Finally, the impact of a FPI project on environment was assessed with this model.
Key words:forestry-paper integration project; comprehensive evaluation; matter element analysis; correlation function
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