聚半乳甘露糖在纸浆中的吸附和抗离子干扰的研究
杨仁党 黄 俊 朱文远 陈克复
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：聚半乳甘露糖（galactomannan，GM）是一种异质多聚糖半纤维素，与纤维素结构类似，能快速吸附到纤维素表面，同时吸附细小纤维、胶体糖类物质以及矿物填料，是一种高性能的造纸湿部化学助剂。本研究利用废液浊度研究了GM对细小纤维和填料的吸附特性以及抗离子干扰的影响。结果表明，相比于阳离子淀粉（CS）添加剂，即使添加量较少，如0.3%~0.5%，GM对细小纤维和矿物填料都有较强的吸附作用，吸附稳定性好；甚至在离子富集的白水系统中，GM对离子干扰不敏感，而CS却极易受到离子垃圾的影响，从而导致两者的增强效果差别很大。造成这种现象的原因除氢键作用外，还与分子链结构构型产生的范德华力有关。由于GM分子链具有顺式结构，具有较强偶极矩叠加诱导力，导致GM大分子有较强的极性，即使系统污染较大，干扰因素较多，但对GM大分子的吸附力影响却有限。因此，相比CS等湿部聚合物添加剂，由于GM具有较高的吸附絮凝特性，将会较大幅度降低COD，有利于高速纸机的白水封闭循环系统。
关键词：聚半乳甘露糖；吸附；絮凝；抗离子干扰；顺式结构
中图分类号：TS727+.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0001-04
Sorption of Galactomannan Hemicellulose and its Capability of Resistance to Anionic Trash Disturbance in Fibers Suspension
YANG Ren-dang* HUANG Jun ZHU Wen-yuan CHEN Ke-fu
（State Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640）
(*E-mail: rdyang@scut.edu.cn)
Abstract：Galactomannan (GM) is a heterogeneous polysaccharide hemicellulose, which can be adsorbed onto the surface of fibers, meanwhile, sorbs fines, mineral fillers and colloidal particles presented in the fibers suspension, and thus can be a high-performance wet-additive in papermaking process. This paper aims to investigate the sorption of galactomannan hemicellulose and its capability of resistance to anionic trash disturbance by determining the turbidity of the filtrate of handsheet making while the galactomannan is used as additive. The experimental results showed that the galactomannan has a more preferable absorption effect than cationic starch even at a lower dosage of 0.3%~0.5% (w/w). In papermachine system, a larger number of anions can diminish the absorption effect of cationic starch, but hardly affects that of galactomannan, thus resulting in a big difference of sheet strength increase between starch and galactomannan, which is likely caused by Van der Waals force besides for hydrogen bond. Since cis-isomerism conformation of galactomannan is capable of bringing about induction forces resulting from dipole moment superposition, galactomannan molecules occur stronger polar, and resulting in a little impact on the sorption of galactomannan molecule even under the severe contaminative systems. Hence, compared to starch polymer additive, it may be predicted that CODCr amounts of papermachine systems will be reduced to some lower extent in the presence of galactomannan hemicellulose polysaccharide, and it is of benefit to implement “zero” discharge and white water closed circulation.
Key words：galactomannan; sorption; flocculation; capability of resistance to anionic trash disturabance; cis-isomerism conformation
DCS组分对浮选脱墨和脱墨浆漂白效果的影响
杨秋林1 李宗全1,2 刘从香1 傅英娟1 秦梦华1
(1.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸科学与技术省部共建教育部重点实验室，山东济南，250353;2.山东华泰集团，山东东营，257335)
摘 要：在旧报纸脱墨浆浮选过程中，溶解和胶体物质的存在会影响浮选脱墨效率。采用亲脂性抽出物、木素磺酸钠、钙离子和果胶酸作为DCS中主要物质的模型物，研究了它们对旧报纸浮选脱墨以及后续漂白效率的影响。结果表明，浮选过程中，低浓度的亲脂性抽出物能够改善浮选效率，而高浓度的亲脂性抽出物降低浮选效率。浮选过程中果胶酸和钙离子的存在都能够提高浮选效率，降低脱墨浆的残余油墨，提高脱墨浆的白度，但同时纸浆浮选得率有所下降。木素磺酸钠对油墨浮选效率的影响较小。
关键词：溶解和胶体物质；模型物；旧报纸；浮选；脱墨浆
中图分类号：TS744 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0005-04
Effects of Main Components of DCS on the Flotation Efficiency of ONP Deinking
YANG Qiu-lin1,* LI Zong-quan1,2 LIU Cong-xiang1 FU Ying-juan1 QIN Meng-hua1
(1. Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji’nan, Shandong Province, 250353; 2. Shandong Huatai Group, Dongying, Shandong Province, 257335)
(*E-mail: yanglin.223@163.com)
Abstract：Dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) can influence the flotation efficiency in deinking of ONP. Lipophilic extractives, sodium lignosulfonate, calcium ions and pectic acid were used as the model substances of DCS and the effect of these substances on the flotation efficiency of ONP deinking was studied. The results showed that, the flotation efficiency is improved in the presence of low concentration of lipophilic extractives, but the flotation efficiency is deteriorated at high concentration of lipophilic extractives. Both pectic acid and calcium ions positively influence the flotation efficiency. The removal of ink particles and brightness of the deinked pulp are all improved in the presence of pectic or calcium, but the pulp yield after flotation decreases. The effect of sodium lignosulfonate on the flotation efficiency is not as significant as the other three substances.
Key words：DCS; model substances; old newsprint; flotation; deinked pulp
近红外光谱法快速测定木材纤维素、戊聚糖和木质素含量的研究
贺文明 薛崇昀 聂 怡 李义民
（中国制浆造纸研究院，北京，100020）
摘 要：探讨了近红外光谱法快速测定木材纤维素、戊聚糖和Klason木质素含量的可行性。用常规实验室方法测定106种木材样品的纤维素、戊聚糖和Klason木质素含量，用近红外光谱仪采集相应样品的光谱。利用偏最小二乘法（PLS）和完全交叉验证方式，对原始光谱进行一阶导数＋矢量归一化（SNV）和一阶导数＋多元散射校正（MSC）预处理后，选择7502~5446 cm-1、4601~4247 cm-1和6102~4597 cm-1区间建立样品纤维素、戊聚糖、Klason木质素含量和光谱数据之间的相关性模型。模型的决定系数（R2）高，分别为0.9705、0.9927和0.9827；交叉验证均方根偏差（RMSECV）低，分别为0.40%、0.38%和0.49%；残留预测偏差（RPD）分别为5.83、11.7和7.61。采用3个模型分别对样品进行预测，预测偏差分别为-0.36%~0.34%、-0.40%~0.32%和-0.36%~0.39%。结果表明，可以利用近红外光谱法快速测定木材纤维素、戊聚糖和Klason木质素含量。
关键词：近红外光谱技术；木材；纤维素；戊聚糖；Klason木质素
中图分类号：TS71+1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0009-04
Rapid Prediction of Wood Cellulose, Pentosan and Klason Lignin Contents Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
HE Wen-ming* XUE Chong-yun NIE Yi LI Yi-min
(China National Pulp & Paper Research Institute, Beijing, 100020)
(*E-mail: wenmy_he@yahoo.com.cn)
Abstract： The feasibility of Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) to rapidly determine cellulose, pentosan, and Klason lignin contents of wood was investigated. The cellulose, pentosan, and Klason lignin contents of 106 samples were analyzed with traditional chemical method, the FT-NIR spectra of which were collected from wood meal using integrating sphere. Partial Least Square (PLS) regression analyses were carried out to describe the relationships between the data sets of laboratory chemical analysis and the FT-NIR spectra. The prediction models for the cellulose, pentosan, and Klason lignin contents of wood samples were established using full cross validation in the wavenumbers ranges of 7502~5446 cm-1, 4601~4247 cm-1 and 6102~4597 cm-1 by the spectral data preprocessing methods of the 1.DerMSC and 1.DerVNorm. The high coefficients of determination (R2) between the predicted NIR values and those obtained from traditional chemical methods were 0.9705, 0.9927, and 0.9827, respectively. The low root mean square errors of cross validation (RMSECV) values were 0.40%, 0.38%, and 0.49%, respectively. Residual prediction deviation (RPD) values were 5.83, 11.7, and 7.61, respectively. The models derived from wood meal spectra were very precise. The predictions were very good, standard errors of prediction ranges of -0.36%~0.34%, -0.40%~0.32%, and -0.36%~0.39%, respectively. Overall, NIR spectroscopy has proven to be an easy to facilitate, reliable, accurate and rapid method for non- destructive wood cellulose, pentosan, and Klason lignin determination.
Key words：near infrared spectroscopy; wood; cellulose; pentosan; Klason lignin
杨木P-RC APMP中溶解和胶体物质的特性分析
苗庆显1 秦梦华2 陈礼辉1 黄六莲1
（1.福建农林大学材料工程学院，福建福州，350002；2.山东轻工业学院，山东济南，250353）
摘 要：采用多种分析手段对杨木P-RC APMP中的溶解和胶体物质（DCS）的特性进行了分析。结果表明，溶解物质（DS）含量占DCS的76.1％。DS的阳电荷需求量占DCS阳电荷需求量的53.0％。DCS的平均粒径为326.7 nm。DS中木素含量占DCS中木素的62.7％。DCS中碳水化合物的主要组分包括木糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖以及葡萄糖醛酸和半乳糖醛酸，其中木糖含量最高，其次是葡萄糖和半乳糖醛酸。DCS的MTBE抽出物中检测到的树脂成分主要为脂肪酸、甘油酯、甾醇酯以及木素衍生物，其中脂肪酸含量较高。DCS中主要含有Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Al3+、Fe2+/Fe3+以及硅，其中Na+含量最高。
关键词：杨木；P-RC APMP；溶解和胶体物质
中图分类号：TS71+4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0013-06
Characteristics of Dissolved and Colloidal Substances Released from Poplar P-RC APMP
MIAO Qing-xian1,* QIN Meng-hua2 CHEN Li-hui1 HUANG Liu-lian1
(1. College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002; 2. Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji’nan, Shandong Province, 250353)
(*E-mail: miaoqingxian@163.com)
Abstract： The characteristics of dissolved and colloidal substances released from Poplar P-RC APMP were analyzed using different methods. The results showed that the content of DS (dissolved substances) from P-RC APMP accounted for about 76.1% of its DCS. The cationic demand of DS accounted for about 53.0% of DCS. The average particle size of DCS from P-RC APMP was 326.7 nm. The lignin content of DS accounted for about 62.7% of DCS. The UV analysis showed that most of the lignin of DCS was in the form of dissolved lignin. The results of GC-MS analysis indicated that the carbohydrates of DCS were mainly composed of xylan, glucose, mannose, arabinose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid, and the content of xylan was the highest followed by glucose and galacturonic acid. The main components of extractives in DCS extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether were fatty acids, sterol ester and glyceride, and simultaneously a lot of lignin-derivatives were also detected by GC-MS. The main metal ions in DCS were Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Al3+、Fe2+/Fe3+ and Si, and the content of Na+ was the highest.
Key words：poplar; P-RC APMP; dissolved and colloidal substances
杨木P-RC APMP中溶解和胶体物质对湿部化学的影响
苗庆显1 秦梦华2 侯庆喜3 陈礼辉1 黄六莲1
（1.福建农林大学材料工程学院，福建福州，350002；2.山东轻工业学院，山东济南，250353；
3.天津科技大学，天津，300457）
摘 要：研究了溶解和胶体物质（DCS）对造纸湿部化学的影响。结果表明，DCS的加入能够降低单元助留助滤体系阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）、双元助留助滤体系聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDADMAC）/CPAM和微粒助留助滤体系CPAM/膨润土的助留助滤效果，并且能够使得不同助留助滤体系存在下的杨木P-RC APMP的Zeta电位下降。DCS的加入降低了阳离子助剂对滑石粉的絮聚程度，但随着DCS加入量的增加，阳离子助剂对碳酸钙的絮聚程度先下降后增加。同时，DCS的加入使得不同施胶剂的施胶效果变差。PDADMAC作为施胶促进剂对不同施胶剂或者含有不同DCS的浆料有一个最佳用量。
关键词：杨木；P-RC APMP；溶解和胶体物质；湿部化学；施胶
中图分类号：TS71+4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0019-07
Effects of Dissolved and Colloidal Substances on the Wet-end Chemistry
MIAO Qing-xian1,* QIN Meng-hua2 HOU Qing-xi3 CHEN Li-hui1 HUANG Liu-lian1
(1. College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002; 2. Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji’nan, Shandong Province, 250353; 3. Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457)
(*E-mail: miaoqingxian@163.com)
Abstract： The wet-end chemistry will be disturbed by DCS. The experimental results indicated that the addition of DCS decreases the efficiency of single-polymer CPAM, dual-polymer PDADMAC/CPAM and microparticle CPAM/bentonite retention and drainage aid system. DCS can reduce the zeta potential of aspen P-RC APMP containing retention and drainage aids. The flocculation degree of talc powder by cationic aids can be decreased by the addition of DCS. However, the flocculation degree of calcium carbonate decreases at the initial stage and then increases with the increase volume of DCS addition. Finally, the sizing efficiency of rosin size and alkylketone dimer is dramatically decreased when the DCS is added to the pulp.
Key words：aspen; P-RC APMP; dissolved and colloidal substances; wet-end chemistry; size
丙烯酸乳液表面施胶剂应用技术的初步探讨
朱勇强1 易玉林2 丁国际2,* 杨 宇2
（1.上海埃格环保科技有限公司，上海，200070；2.上海大学环境与化学工程学院，上海，200444）
摘 要：研究了玻璃化转变温度（Tg）、干燥温度、表面施胶剂用量、干燥时间、胶膜铺展以及胶料成膜性等因素对表面施胶剂施胶效果的影响，初步探讨了丙烯酸乳液表面施胶剂的应用技术，并采用扫描电镜（SEM）对表面施胶剂在纸张表面的铺展形态进行了微观分析。本实验的最佳工艺为:干燥温度120℃,干燥时间15 min, 表面施胶剂用量1.0%,表面施胶剂的玻璃化转变温度在20~35℃范围内。干燥温度在120℃时能获得最佳的胶膜铺展与成膜性;表面施胶剂的玻璃化转变温度的提高和干燥时间的延长以及表面施胶剂用量的提高均可有效提高施胶度；此外,SEM照片可从微观角度较好地反映表面施胶剂的熔融铺展程度与成膜性的好坏。
关键词：表面施胶剂；扫描电镜;施胶；玻璃化转变温度；丙烯酸乳液
中图分类号：TS727+.5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0026-04
Study on the Sizing Effects of Acrylic Emulsion Surface Sizing Agent
ZHU Yong-qiang1 YI Yu-lin2 DING Guo-ji2,* YANG Yu2
(1. Shanghai Aige Environmental Protection Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200070;2. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444)
(*E-mail: gjding@shu.edu.cn)
Abstract： The application of surface sizing agent of acrylic emulsion including the glass transition temperature (Tg), the drying temperature, the surface sizing dosage, drying time, as well as the film forming and spreading and other factors on the surface sizing effect were studied. In particular, by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the micro analysis of the spreading film of the sizing agent on the paper surface was carried out. The results showed that: paper drying at 120℃ is of benefit to have the best film forming and spreading; increasing the glass transition temperature of the sizing agent, drying temperature and drying time, as well as the amount of the sizing agent can effectively increase the sizing degree; in addition, the meeting spread level of the sizing agent and its film forming quality can be evaluated from the SEM photographs; in this experiment, the optimal conditions for the process: drying temperature of 120℃, drying time of 15 minutes, sizing agent dosage of 1.0%, glass transition temperature of the sizing agent at the range of 20~ 35℃.
Key words：surface size; scanning electron microscopy; sizing; glass transition temperature; acrylic emulsion
防油剂在纤维表面的吸附动力学研究
朱红祥1，2 陈 健1，3 宋海农1 王双飞1，*
（1.广西大学轻工与食品工程学院，广西南宁，530004；2.广西环境工程与保护评价重点实验室，广西桂林，541004；3.广西贵糖（集团）股份有限公司，广西贵港，537102）
摘 要：采用光谱实时监测技术，利用紫外分光光度计观察防油剂在纤维表面的吸附过程，研究防油剂在纤维表面的吸附行为，并对其在不同时段的吸附曲线进行分析拟合。运用Langmuir吸附方程模拟和推导防油剂的吸附动力学数学模型，得到防油剂在纤维表面的吸附动力学方程；通过分析拟合曲线，确定该模型方程的动力学参数。该模型可为化学品在造纸湿部过程控制中的应用提供指导。
关键词：防油剂；分光光度计；纤维表面；吸附动力学
中图分类号：O643.1；TS753 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0030-05
Kinetic Study of Adsorption of Oil-proof Agent on the Fiber Surface
ZHU Hong-xiang1,2 CHEN Jian1,3 SONG Hai-nong1 WANG Shuang-fei1,*
(1. School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004；2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Protection and Assessment, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 541004; 3. Guangxi Guitang Sugar (Group) Co., Ltd., Guigang, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 537102）
(*E-mail: wangsf@gxu.edu.cn)
Abstract：Adsorption of oil-proof agent (OPA）on cellulose fibers surface was investigated through an UV-Vis spectrophotometer on-line detector system by measuring its decrement in the solution. From a calibration curve the spectrum can be translated to chemical concentration in solution and the amount of OPA adsorbed on to the fiber surface, and then the total amount of OPA on fiber and in solution can be found. With this method the adsorption behavior of oil proof agent on fiber surface was studied, its adsorption kinetics equation and the values of parameter k′a and parameter
Γs∞ were derived. The model and method can provide help for the better application of wet-end chemistry in paper making.
Key words：oil-proof agent (OPA); spectrophotometer; fiber surface; adsorption kinetics
杨木化机浆使用荧光增白剂的增白性能研究
王 建 周晓伟 宫 伟
（陕西科技大学造纸工程学院，陕西西安，710021）
摘 要：对比了液体荧光增白剂（OBA）及固体荧光增白剂（VBL）对杨木化机浆的增白效果，研究了表面喷淋及浆内添加荧光增白剂的增白效果。结果显示，OBA对杨木化机浆的增白效果明显好于VBL的；表面喷淋荧光增白剂的增白效果优于浆内添加的；OBA对染色和返黄后杨木化机浆的增白效果不同，表面喷淋0.5%的OBA，染色后白度75.8%的杨木BCTMP的白度提高11.2个百分点，白度达87.0%，与未染色的杨木BCTMP相比，增白后两者的白度仅相差0.7个百分点，而白度为75.1%的返黄杨木BCTMP的白度只增加4.2个百分点，白度为79.3%。
关键词：杨木化机浆；荧光增白剂；增白效果
中图分类号：TS727+.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0035-03
Research on the Whitening Efficiency of Fluorescent Whitening Agents for Aspen Chemi-mechanical Pulp
WANG Jian* ZHOU Xiao-wei GONG Wei
(College of Papermaking Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710021)
(*E-mail: zzwangjian@sust.edu.cn)
Abstract：In recent years, chemi-mechanical pulp with its unique properties has been found increased applications in many high grade papers. However, the characteristic of the pulp leads to the lower whitening efficiency of the fluorescent whitening agents that restricts the brightness of the paper made from chemi-mechanical pulp. In this paper, the OBA whitening agent and VBL whitening agent were used to increase the brightness of aspen chemi-mechanical pulp. The results showed that the OBA whitening agent has higher whitening efficiency than the VBL whitening agent. The ways of application will directly affect the whitening efficiency of brightening agent, and spraying on the surface of the paper is more effective than adding in the furnish. The dyeing and brightness reversing of the pulp have different effects on the whitening efficiency of OBA. The brightness of the paper made of the dyed pulp (brightness 75.8%) increases to 87.0% by spraying 0.5% OBA on the paper surface; the brightness of the paper made of the brightness reverse pulp (brightness 75.1%) increases to 79.3%.
Key words：aspen chemi-mechanical pulp; fluorescent whitening agents; whitening efficiency
多次回用对OCC浆料强度及纤维表面性能的影响
巫 山1 唐艳军1,2 赵 宇1 薛国新1,*
（1.浙江理工大学，浙江杭州，310018；2.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室, 广东广州，510640）
摘 要：研究了旧瓦楞纸箱（OCC）浆料多次回用过程中纤维物理强度的变化，并借助扫描电镜（SEM）和傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR） 表面分析手段对回用纤维的表面性能进行了分析。研究表明，回用过程中纸张物理强度性能呈下降趋势。与原纸的裂断长、耐折度、撕裂指数、环压指数和耐破指数相比，2次回用纸分别减少了34.0%、80.0%、42.2%、45.5%、49.6%；而从2次回用纸到5次回用纸时裂断长、撕裂指数、环压指数和耐破指数分别减少了27.3%、37.1%、23.9%、35.3%。在回用过程中OCC浆料纤维的保水值也呈下降趋势，原浆到2次回用浆时减少了12.5%；而从2次回用浆到5次回用浆时减少了20.6%。SEM分析结果显示，随着回用次数的增加，纤维表面变得越来越粗糙，当回用次数达到3次时纤维有裂开的痕迹。FT-IR分析表明，随着OCC浆料回用次数的增加，氢键特征吸收频率发生偏移，表明纤维－纤维间不可逆氢键增加。
关键词：OCC浆料；回用；不可逆氢键；纤维角质化
中图分类号：TS724 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0038-04
Influence of Recycling on OCC Pulp Strength and Fiber Surface Properties
WU Shan1 TANG Yan-jun1,2 ZHAO Yu1 XUE Guo-xin1，*
(1. Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018；2. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou，Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail: guoxin@zstu.edu.cn)
Abstract：In this paper, the change of physical strength of recycled OCC fibers was studied, and the surface properties of recycled fiber samples were characterized by SEM and FT-IR techniques. It was shown that the physical strength of recycled fibers dropped sharply with the increase of recycling time. After recycling for the first 2 times, the breaking length, folding strength, tear index, ring crush index and burst index of the recycled fibers was reduced by 34.0%, 80.0%, 42.2%, 45.5%, 49.6%, respectively. Up to the fifth-time recycling, a significant change in the physical strength of the recycled fibers happened, correspondingly. Moreover, the water retention value decreased by 12.5% after the first 2 times recycling, also decreased by 20.6% from the second to the fifth-time recycling of OCC fibers. It was observed by SEM that the surface of the recycled fibers seemed to exhibit rougher and rougher, even appeared the trace of crack, which was probably due to the fiber’s hornification in the recycling process. According to the spectra of FT-IR, it was inferred that with the recycling time increasing, the hydrogen bond of fiber-fiber increased which promoted the decay of fiber surface strength.
Key words：OCC pulp; recycling; irreversible hydrogen bond; fiber hornification
EGSB反应器处理半化学草浆制浆废水的研究
刘 春1 张安龙2 管秀琼1
（1.四川理工学院造纸科学技术研究所，四川自贡，643000；2.陕西科技大学造纸工程学院，陕西西安，710021）
摘 要：对采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床（EGSB）反应器处理的半化学草浆制浆废水的运行状况进行了分析，结果表明，反应器以VLR（容积负荷）2.192 kg COD/（m3·d）进行启动，在以浓度和流量逐渐提升VLR的过程中，CODCr去除率一直保持在70%以上；最小水力停留时间（HRT）可缩短至4.9 h，最大VLR可达到25.820 kg COD/（m3·d），CODCr去除率稳定在68.8%~78.0%范围内；当出水pH值高于进水时，出水回流可以减少调节进水pH值的用碱量。
关键词：EGSB反应器；半化学草浆制浆废水；运行状况；影响因素
中图分类号：X793 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0042-05
Study on the Treatment of Effluent from Semi-chemical Straw Pulping with Expanded Granule Sludge Bed Reactor
LIU Chun1,* ZHANG An-long2 GUAN Xiu-qiong1
(1.Research Institute of Paper Science & Technology, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan Province, 643000; 2. College of Papermaking Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, Shaanxi Province, 710021)
(*E-mail: liuchun163@126.com)
Abstract： The study results of the treatment of effluent from semi-chemical straw pulping with expanded granule sludge bed (EGSB) reactor indicated that the EGSB reactor started-up at the volume loading rate of 2.192 kg COD/(m3·d), its CODCr removal rate maintains above 70% in the process of increasing volume loading rate gradually. The minimum HRT can be shorten to 4.9 h, the maximum VLR can be reached to 25.820 kg COD/(m3·d) and the CODCr removal rate can be kept on 68.8%~78.0%; The consumption of alkali using for influent pH adjustment can be reduced by circulating the effluent when the pH value of the effluent is higher than that of the influent.
Key words：expanded granule sludge bed reactor; semi-chemcial straw pulping effluent; running status; influencing factor
竹子碱木素催化湿空气氧化降解生成芳香醛的研究
周生飞 詹怀宇* 付时雨
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室, 广东广州，510640）
摘 要：对竹子碱木素进行了催化湿空气氧化降解。结果表明，竹子碱木素催化湿空气氧化的主要降解产物为3种芳香醛，含量从高到低依次为香草醛、对羟基苯甲醛和丁香醛。芳香醛浓度随降解时间的增加先升高后降低；催化剂的使用对芳香醛浓度有显著的影响，但不改变3种芳香醛的含量相对大小顺序；催化剂能较大地提高芳香醛的最高浓度，且能明显缩短芳香醛浓度达到极大值的时间；与无催化剂或蒽醌（AQ）作为催化剂相比，CuSO4/FeCl3作为催化剂时，能使芳香醛的浓度提高1倍以上，香草醛、对羟基苯甲醛、丁香醛的最高浓度分别为1.34、1.07、0.59 g/L，总芳香醛的最高浓度为2.87 g/L。
关键词：芳香醛；催化湿空气氧化法；竹子；碱木素
中图分类号：TS79 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0047-05
Study on the Degradation of Bamboo Alkaline Lignin by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation to Obtain Aromatic Aldehydes
ZHOU Sheng-fei ZHAN Huai-yu* FU Shi-yu
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail: pphyzhan@scut.edu.cn)
Abstract：In this paper, bamboo alkaline lignin was degraded by catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO). The results showed that three aromatic aldehydes were the main products, and their concentrations from high to low were as follows: vanillin, p-hydroxy benzaldehyde and syringaldehyde, which was considered as a feature of bamboo alkaline lignin; The concentrations of aromatic aldehydes increased at first and then decreased when the reaction time increased; Catalysts had a significant effect on the concentrations of aromatic aldehydes, but did not change the relative content of them; Using CuSO4/FeCl3 as catalysts, the concentrations of aromatic aldehydes were doubled comparing to no catalyst or using AQ as catalyst, and the concentrations of vanillin, p-hydroxy benzaldehyde and syringaldehyde were 1.34、1.07、0.59 g/L respectively while the total concentration of aromatic aldehydes was 2.87 g/L.
Key words：aromatic aldehydes; catalytic wet air oxidation; bamboo; alkaline lignin
造纸用氧化铝陶瓷锥形除渣器的研制与磨损行为
王琼生
（福建师范大学化学与材料学院，福建福州，350108）
摘 要：用氧化铝陶瓷制作造纸工业锥形除渣器中关键且最易磨损的锥体部件，其高耐磨蚀性和低摩擦光滑内壁使其在正常运行时寿命可达7～9年。在协调除渣系统各部件使用寿命、稳定整个除渣系统工作效率和降低动力能耗方面它起到决定性作用。磨损分析结果表明：经4年除渣运行后，陶瓷锥体内面上段开始出现鱼鳞状磨蚀凹坑、下段出现螺旋线磨痕麻点和锥体出口轻度变形。锥体内面的磨损主要是渣粒冲刷切削摩擦、纸浆腐蚀和疲劳等3种磨损机理共同作用的结果，其中引发磨损和严重磨损的地方位于耐磨蚀性较差的晶界玻璃相和有应力集中现象的孔隙处。
关键词：锥形除渣器；纸浆；氧化铝陶瓷；磨损
中图分类号：TS733 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0052-06
Preparation and Wear Behavior of the Al2O3 Ceramic Centricleaner
WANG Qiong-sheng
(College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108)
(E-mail: wangqs@fjnu.edu.cn)
Abstract： The manufacture of Al2O3 ceramic cone used for centricleaner in pulp and paper industry and its wear behavior in stock cleaning system were investigated. The ceramic cone is the key part of the centricleaner which receives the most wear, and has 7～9 years service life due to its very high quality polished inside surface and special wear resistance and corrosion resistance. It has definitive effect on harmonizing the service life of various component parts of the centricleaner, keeping the stable efficiency of impurities removing, and reducing energy consumption. The results of wearing analysis showed that the wear is found on the inside surface of the cone after operating under proper conditions for 4 years. The upside shows scale-like hollow, the downside shows spiral track pit, and the nozzle shows deformation. The inside wear is the result of three kinds of wear mechanism of shear friction, corrosion, and fatigue during the impurities removing from the pulp. The positions of heavy wear locate at the intergranular glass phase, which is poor wear and corrosion resistance, and the intergranular porosity where the stress concentration occurs.
Key words：centricleaner; pulp; cleaning; Al2O3 ceramic; wear
造纸黑液超临界水氧化过程的能流分析与经济评价
廖传华 李永生 朱跃钊*
（南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院，江苏南京，210009）
摘 要：超临界水氧化是解决难降解高浓度废水的有效途径，但处理工艺的高能耗成为限制其推广应用的瓶颈问题。采用能流分析的方法，对造纸黑液超临界水氧化过程中的能量消耗和产生情况进行了分析，通过热平衡分析和压力分析，考察了各工艺条件对过程能耗的影响，根据实验结果对过程的经济性进行了评价，在此基础上提出了降低超临界水氧化过程运行成本的措施。
关键词：造纸黑液；超临界水氧化；能流分析法；热平衡；压力
中图分类号：X793 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0058-06
Energy-flow Analysis and Economic Evaluation of Supercritical Water Oxidation Process of Pulping Black Liquor
LIAO Chuan-hua LI Yong-sheng ZHU Yue-zhao*
(College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009)
(*E-mail: zyz@njut.edu.cn)
Abstract：Supercritical water oxidation is a recommended treatment method for high concentration and difficult degradation wastewater, but high energy consumption in the process greatly influences the application of the treatment. The energy consumed and the energy produced during supercritical water oxidation of pulping black liquor were analyzed using energy-flow analysis method, the effects of process conditions on energy consumption were investigated through the analyses of heat balance and pressure energy. Economic evaluation was carried out with experimental results. Base on these, the measures for reducing operation cost of supercritical water oxidation process were put forward.
Key words：pulping black liquor; supercritical water oxidation; energy-flow analysis method; heat balance; pressure energy
中国林纸一体化进程：实施、研究与政策
张智光1,2 杨加猛1,2 谢 煜1,2 陈 岩1,2
（1. 南京林业大学经济管理学院，江苏南京，210037；2. 南京林业大学环境与发展系统工程研究所，江苏南京，210037）
摘 要：中国林纸一体化从萌芽阶段至今，已经走过了半个世纪的历程，目前已进入关键性的整体推进阶段，因此需要进行全面的回顾和总结，以便明确未来的发展方向。为此，分别对中国林纸一体化的实施进程与问题、研究进程与动态、政策进程与对策进行系统探讨，由此勾勒出中国林纸一体化的实施、研究和政策相互作用和相互促进的全景图谱。通过对这3条发展脉络的分析，指出了中国林纸一体化的现状与亟待解决的问题，进而提出今后的研究重点和政策建议。
关键词：林纸一体化；实施；政策
中图分类号：TS7 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0064-09
The Development Process of Forestry-paper Integration in China: Practice, Research and Policy
ZHANG Zhi-guang1,2,* YANG Jia-meng1,2 XIE Yu1,2 CHEN Yan1,2
（1.College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037; 2.System Engineering Institute for Environment and Development, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037）
(*E-mail: zzg@njfu.com.cn)
Abstract： Chinese forestry-paper integration (CFPI) has been implemented for half a century since the embryonic stage. Now it has entered the crucial overall promotion stage. So, comprehensive review and summing up of the process are necessary in order to orient future development. For this purpose, the practice process and problems, the research process and trends, and the policy process and countermeasures of CFPI are studied systematically. It draws an overall picture of interaction and mutual promotion among CFPI practice, research and policy. The analysis in the 3 development trajectories demonstrates the present condition and urgent problems of CFPI. And then, future key research issues and policy proposals of CFPI are put forward.
Key words：forestry-paper integration; practice; policy
塔尔油制备生物柴油的研究现状
林炎平 陈学榕*
（福建农林大学材料工程学院，福建福州,350002）
摘 要：综述了酸催化法、生物酶催化法、超临界甲醇法和加氢法等多种塔尔油制备生物柴油的方法。塔尔油作为新型的生物柴油制备原料，既可实现塔尔油的高效利用，又能有效地降低生物柴油成本，具有实际的经济价值和广阔的应用前景。
关键词：塔尔油；生物柴油；酸催化；生物酶催化；超临界甲醇
中图分类号：S216 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6842（2010）03-0073-04
Research Status of Biodiesel from Tall Oil
LIN Yan-ping CHEN Xue-rong*
(College of Material Engineering , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002)
(*E-mail: fafucxr@163.com)
Abstract： In this paper, the technologies for preparation of biodiesel from tall oil which include acid-catalyzed esterification, enzymatic-catalyzed esterification, supercritical methanol esterification and hydrogenation were summarized. Tall oil as the biodiesel feedstock not only increases the value of tall oil, but also reduces the cost of biodiesel, so it has the high economic value and further application prospect.
Key words：tall oil; biodiesel; acid catalysis; enzymatic catalysis; supercritical methanol | 
