西双版纳丛生竹的纤维形态与造纸性能
杨清1,2苏光荣3段柱标1王正良1韩蕾4,*孙启祥4彭镇华4
（1.中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园，云南勐腊，666303；
2.中国林业科学研究院国际竹藤网络中心研究生院，北京，100091；
3.云南省景洪市林业局，云南景洪，666100；
4.中国林业科学研究院林研所国家林业局林木培育重点实验室，北京，100091）
摘要：对西双版纳的15种主要大型丛生竹的纤维形态和化学成分进行了分析，结果表明：15种竹材的纤维形态和化学成分的差异较大，纤维长度为1.49～5.25 mm，平均为2.72 mm；纤维长宽比为102～320，平均为179.2；纤维素含量为44.87%～52.60%，平均为49.09%；木质素含量为21.70%～28.13%，平均为24.36%；戊聚糖含量为13.76%～18.70%，平均为16.27%；灰分含量为0.80%～3.20%，平均为1.925%；SiO2含量为0.25%～1.39%，平均为0.683%。造纸性能综合评价结果表明：料慈竹、小叶龙竹、版纳甜龙竹和刀把竹均是优良的造纸原料，在热带、亚热带地区发展竹浆造纸时可以优先考虑；撑绿杂交竹、油簕竹、香糯竹、龙竹、黄竹和沙罗单竹的造纸性能也比国内目前常用的麻竹好。
关键词：丛生竹；纤维形态；化学成分；造纸性能
中图分类号：TS721+.2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0001-07
Fiber Characteristics and Papermaking Feasibility of Major Sympodial Bamboos in Xishuangbanna
YANG Qing1,2SU Guang-rong3DUAN Zhu-biao1
WANG Zheng-liang1
HAN Lei4,*SUN Qi-xiang4PENG Zhen-hua4
(1. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Gardens, CAS, Mengla, Yunnan Province, 666303; 2. Graduate School of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091; 3. Forestry Department of Jinghong City, Jinghong, Yunnan Province, 666100; 4. Key Lab of Forest Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091)
(*E-mail:hl04192003@yahoo.com.cn)
Abstract：The chemical composition and fiber characteristics of 15 Chinese sympodial bamboos have been studied in this paper. The results indicate that the fiber length is in the range of 1.49~5.25 mm and average is 2.72 mm, the ratio of fiber length to width is 102~320 and average is 179.19, cellulose content is 44.87%~52.60% and average is 49.09%, pentosan content is 21.70%~28.13% and average is 24.36%, lignin content is 13.76%~18.70% and average is 16.27%, ash content is 0.80%~3.20% and average is 1.925% and SiO2 content is 0.25%~1.39% and average is 0.683%. The analysis results show that Bambusa distegia, Dendrocalamusbarbatus, D. hamiltonii, B. stenostachya are better due to their higher specific gravity, longer fiber length, higher fiber length/width ratio and cellulose content but the Klason lignin is the same as or lower than other of 15 Chinese symposidal bamboos, and these species are also better than Piceo asperata, Pinus massoniana and Eucalyptus globulus which are popular in papermaking industry in China. Therefore, these species are good fiber material for papermaking industry. On the other hand, the species of B. Pervariadilis x Grandis Nin, B. lapidea, Cephalostachyum pergracile, D. giganteus, D. membranaceus and Schizostachyum funghomii are better than D. latiflorus which is popular in use in China nowadays. In addition, when bamboo is considered to be used as fiber raw material for paper industry in tropical and subtropical areas, the priority should be given to the species such as Bambusa distegia, Dendrocalamusbarbatus, D. hamiltonii, B. stenostachy. Finally, the species of B. Pervariadilis x Grandis Nin, B. lapidea, Cephalostachyum pergracile, D. giganteus, D. membranaceus and Schizostachyum funghomii are also satisfy for papermaking and can be cultivated in different areas.
Key words：sympodial bamboo;chemical composition;fiber characteristics;analysis
（责任编辑：郭彩云）
麦草NaOH-AQ法蒸煮中溶出木素结构的变化
袁成强1刘玉1,2陈嘉川1杨桂花1黄峰2
（1.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸科学与技术教育部重点实验室，山东济南，250353；
2.山东大学国家微生物重点实验室，山东济南，250100）
摘要：采用酸析-弱酸解两段法对麦草NaOH-AQ蒸煮中溶出木素进行分离和提纯，得到木素试样，通过凝胶渗透色谱分析（GPC），得出木素样品的平均分子质量及分布，分析了木素在溶出过程中分子质量的变化。采用红外光谱（FT-IR）对蒸煮各个阶段中溶出木素的结构进行了分析。经过乙酰化后的木素试样，可以通过磷谱核磁共振（31P-NMR）技术得出木素结构谱图，对木素结构中脂肪羟基、羧基和总酚羟基以及总酚羟基中各酚羟基等功能基团进行定量分析对比，得出了溶出木素在NaOH-AQ法蒸煮过程中的变化规律。
关键词：麦草；溶出木素；木素结构；木素分子质量
中图分类号：TS743+.11
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0008-05
The Structure Changes of Dissolved Lignin from Wheat Straw during Soda-anthraquinone Cooking
YUAN Cheng-qiang1,*LIU Yu1,2CHEN Jia-chuan1YANG Gui-hua1HUANG Feng2
(1. Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, 250353; 2. Shangdong University, State Key Lab for Microbial Technology, Ji'nan, Shangdong Province, 250100)
(*E-mail:ycqiang 128@126.com)
Abstract：The acid precipitating method was used to separate the dissolved lignin from the black liquor of wheat straw soda-anthraquinone cooking and the crude lignin was further purified by mild acidic hydrolysis. The changes of molecular weight of the lignin during the cooking were investigated by using GPC. The lignin structures were analyzed by using the infrared spectroscopy. The 31P-NMR spectra of the acetylated were obtained. The contents of aliphatic OH, total phenolic OH, COOH and different phenolic functional groups in the lignin structure were analyzed quantitatively and compared in order to discover the change of lignin structure during the soda-anthraquinone pulping.
Key words：wheat straw;dissolved lignin;31P-NMR;lignin structure change;lignin molecular weight
（责任编辑：马忻）
杨木CTMP及其碱性H2O2漂白浆中溶出的DCS的特性分析
苗庆显1,2侯庆喜1秦梦华2傅英娟2
（1.天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室,天津,300457;2.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸教育部重点实验室,山东济南,250353）
摘要：采用多种分析手段对杨木CTMP及其碱性H2O2漂白后浆水体系中的溶解与胶体物质的特性进行了分析。结果表明，两种浆中的DS分别占各自DCS的80％和95.7％。DS的阳离子需求量分别占各自DCS阳离子需求量的84％和87％，而且BCTMP的DCS阳离子需求量约为CTMP的4.4倍。CTMP经碱性H2O2漂白后，有更多的木素溶出，BCTMP的DS中木素含量占其DCS中木素的87％。杨木CTMP的DCS中碳水化合物主要含有木糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖醛酸；碱性H2O2漂白导致较多的葡萄糖醛酸和甘露糖的溶出。DCS的MTBE抽出物中主要含有各种脂肪酸。
关键词： 杨木；CTMP；溶解与胶体物质
中图分类号：TS743+.2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0013-06
Characteristics of Dissolved and Colloidal Substances Released from Poplar CTMP and BCTMP
MIAO Qing-xian1,2,*HOU Qing-xi1QIN Meng-hua2
FU Ying-juan2
(1. Tianjin Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457; 2. Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, 250353)
(*E-mail:miaoqingxian@163.com)
Abstract：The characteristics of dissolved and colloidal substances released from Poplar CTMP and BCTMP were analyzed using different methods.The results showed that the contents of DS(dissolved substances) from CTMP and BCTMP account for about 80% and 95.7% of their DCS respectively. The cationic demands of DS account for about 84% and 87% of DCS respectively, and the cationic demand of BCTMP DCS is 4.4 times higher than that of CTMP. The alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching leads to the release of more dissolved lignin, glucuronic acids and mannans. The extractives of DCS with methyl tert butyl ester (MTBE) mainly consist of different fatty acids.
Key words：poplar;CTMP;dissolved and colloidal substances;characteristic
（责任编辑：赵旸宇）
硫酸盐竹浆ECF和TCF漂白过程中木素结构的变化
覃程荣1詹怀宇2王双飞1李兵云2
（1.广西大学，广西南宁，530004;2.华南理工大学，广东广州，510640）
摘要：利用紫外光谱、红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱、核磁共振波谱技术，研究了氧脱木素后纸浆、ClO2漂白后纸浆中残余木素及氧脱木素溶出木素结构的变化。浆料经过ClO2漂白和氧脱木素后，残余木素紫外光谱中216 nm处的吸收明显减弱（分别下降了30.7％和10.0％），表明氧脱木素和ClO2漂白过程木素结构单元中有些苯环开裂。通过红外光谱分析得知，浆料经ClO2漂白和氧脱木素后，代表羧基的1701～1718 cm-1峰强度显著增强，代表游离酚羟基的3420 cm-1峰强度稍有增强，代表甲氧基的1266 cm-1处吸收峰减弱。通过对残余木素分子质量测定得知，与未漂浆残余木素相比，经氧脱木素和ClO2漂白后，浆中残余木素及氧脱木素溶出木素的平均分子质量降低，多分散性也随之下降，但下降程度不大。由1H-NMR和13C-NMR分析得知，与未漂浆残余木素相比，ClO2漂白后木素结构中的对羟基苯基、愈创木基和紫丁香基结构单元受到降解，部分β-O-4、β-1和β-5连接发生断裂。ClO2漂白浆残余木素羧基、芳环取代碳原子以及与氧连接的脂肪碳原子含量升高，而芳环甲氧基含量降低。
关键词：硫酸盐竹浆；紫外光谱；红外光谱；凝胶渗透色谱；核磁共振波谱
中图分类号：TS745；TS71
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0019-07
Study on the Changes of Lignin Structure during ECF and TCF Bleaching of Bamboo Sulfate Pulp
QIN Cheng-rong1,*ZHAN Huai-yu2WANG Shuang-fei1LI Bing-yun2
(1. Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004;
2. South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640 )
(*E-mail:qin_chengrong@163.com)
Abstract：The changes of the structure of residual lignin of oxygen delignified pulp and chlorine dioxide bleached pulp, dissolved lignin during oxygen delignification were studied by using UV, FT-IR, GPC，NMR. The absorption intensity at 216 nm in UV spectrum of residual lignin of oxygen delignified pulp and chlorine dioxide bleached pulp decreased 10.0％ and 30.7％ respectively. It indicated that some of benzene rings of lignin have been destroyed. It was found from FT-IR analysis of lignin that the absorption intensity of carboxyl group and methoxyl group increased obviously, the absorption peak of phenolic hydroxyl increased slightly. Through measuring the molecular weight distribution, compared with residual lignin of unbleached pulp, the average molecular weight of oxygen delignifacation and chlorine dioxide bleaching residual lignin and the dissolved lignin during oxygen delignifacation decreased, and the polydispersity decreased slightly too, which indicated that lignin degraded and dissolved during bleaching, but some residual lignin with high molecular weight remained in the bleached pulp. From quantitative 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analysis, it was found that, compared with residual lignin of unbleached pulp, hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl and syringyl units of residual lignin of chlorine dioxide bleached pulp were degraded, some β-O-4,β-1 and β-5 linkages were broken during bleaching. The content of carboxyl group, substituted aromatic C atom and aliphatic C atom linked to oxygen of residual lignin from chlorine dioxide bleached pulp increased, but the content of aromatic methoxyl decreased.
Key words：bamboo sulfate pulp;UV spectrum;FT-IR spectrum;GPC;NMR
（责任编辑：常青）
竹浆Co-salen仿酶催化漂白机理研究
贾艳迪1周学飞1,2,3,*
（1.昆明理工大学省高校制浆造纸工程研究中心，云南昆明，650224；
2.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640；
3.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸科学与技术省部共建教育部重点实验室，山东济南，250353）
摘要：采用GPC、FT-IR、1H-NMR、31P-NMR和元素分析法研究了竹浆Co-salen仿酶漂白过程中残余木素结构的变化。Co-salen仿酶处理使竹浆中残余木素芳环降解开裂，甲氧基、酚羟基、脂肪族羟基、愈创木基、紫丁香基减少，羟基被氧化，羰基增加。β-O-4、β-1、β-5、β-β连接发生断裂。残余木素重均、数均分子质量下降，多分散性略有下降。Co-salen仿酶预处理使终漂纸浆发色基团减少，结晶度提高。另外得到了仿酶处理前后竹浆残余木素结构单元实验式。
关键词：竹浆；Co-salen；仿酶漂白；残余木素；机理
中图分类号：TS745；Q55
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0026-06
Mechanism of Co-salen Biomimetic Catalysis Bleaching of Bamboo Pulp
JIA Yan-di1ZHOU Xue-fei1,2,3,*
（1. Research Center of Pulp and Paper Engineering of Provincial Colleges and Universities, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224;
2. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640; 3. Key Lab of Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, 250353）
(*E-mail:lgdx602@tom.com )
Abstract：The structural change of residual lignin of bamboo pulp in Co-salen biomimetic bleaching was studied with GPC, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 31P-NMR and element analysis. It was found that the methoxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group, aliphatic hydroxyl group, guaiacyl and syringyl reduced; the content of carbonyl group increased; the aromatic ring was opened, the linkages of β-O-4, β-1, β-5 and β-β were cleaved, the molecular weight of residual lignin decreased. The chromophore of the bleached pulp with Co-salen biomimetic pretreatment reduced and its crystallinity increased. The experimental formulas(C9) of the residual lignin of the bamboo pulp before and after biomimetic treatment were also obtained.
Key words：bamboo pulp;Co-salen;biomimetic bleaching;residual lignin;mechanism
（责任编辑：王岩）
荧光增白剂对杨木BCTMP浆光致返黄的抑制作用
张红杰胡惠仁魏德津徐治国
（天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室，天津，300457）
摘要：采用荧光增白剂（FWA）作为杨木BCTMP浆的光学稳定剂，通过浆内添加或手抄片表面涂饰来系统探讨FWA提高杨木BCTMP浆光学稳定性的作用效果。结果表明，2S和4S型FWA在浆内添加时抑制BCTMP浆返黄的效果较好，而4S和6S型在手抄片表面涂饰时效果较好。浆内添加时FWA的用量较高，浆料pH值为中性或弱碱性，需要一定的混合时间；而在手抄片表面涂饰时FWA在较低用量下便可以大大改善杨木BCTMP浆的光学稳定性。
关键词：荧光增白剂；高得率浆；返黄；光学稳定性
中图分类号：TS727
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0032-05
Application of Fluorescent Whitening Agents against Light-induced Colour Reversion of Aspen BCTMP
ZHANG Hong-jie*HU Hui-renWEI De-jinXU Zhi-guo
(Tianjin Key Lab of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457)
(*E-mail:hongjiezhang@tust.edu.cn)
Abstract：In recent years, hardwood high yield pulp (HYP) with its unique properties has increased applications in many value-added paper grades. However, one of the main drawbacks to limit its wider use is related to the optical properties of HYP, which is the photo yellowing due to its high lignin contents. In this paper, the fluorescent whitening agents (FWA) were used as inhibitors, and their effectiveness were determined through adding in wet-end and coating on the surface of HYP handsheets. The results showed that good inhibiting effect can be obtained when 2S- or 4S- type FWA is used in papermaking wet end; while for surface application 4S- or 6S-type FWA is better. The dosage of FWA is relatively high; also the neutral or weak alkaline pH and a certain mixing time are needed when it is applied in the furnish. While for surface application, the brightness stability of HYP can be improved a lot at the relatively low FWA dosage.
Key words：fluorescent whitening agent;high yield pulp;color reversion;brightness stability
（责任编辑：田风洲）
光叶楮白皮生物制浆及漂白废水的特性及处理
刘秉钺白淑云李娜鲁杰王业红
（大连工业大学，辽宁大连，116034）
摘要：光叶楮白皮生物制浆及漂白所产生的废水总量为每吨漂白浆145.5 m3。制浆与漂白段的废水的BOD/COD（B/C）分别为
0.38和 0.24，可以用生物法处理。用SBR法处理时的最优曝气时间为8 h；最佳初始pH值：制浆混合废水为7.5，漂白混合废水为7.0；处理结果：制浆混合废水CODCr去除率为84.2%，BOD5去除率达到89.6%；漂白混合废水CODCr去除率为78.1%，BOD5去除率达到80.9%。
关键词：光叶楮白皮；生物法制浆；废水特性；SBR
中图分类号：X793
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0037-04
Characteristics and Treatment of the Waste Water from Bio-pulping and Bleaching of Broussonetia Papeyrifera L.
LIU Bing-yue*BAI Shu-yunLI NaLU JieWANG Ye-hong
(Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116034)
(*E-mail:liubingyue1948@yahoo.com.cn)
Abstract：The total amount of waste water from bio-pulping and bleaching of the white bast of the Guangyechu（Broussonetia Papeyrifera L.）, a kind of fast growing hard wood in north China, is about 145.49 m3 per ton of bleached pulp. The BOD/COD of pulping and bleaching waste water is 0.38 and 0.24 respectively, so they are suitable to be treated by biological methods. The optimum aeration time is 8hrs when SBR process is used, the optimum initial pH values of pulping mixed waste water and bleaching mixed waste water are 7.5 and 7.0 respectively, CODCr removal rates are 84.2% and 78.1%, BOD5 removal rates are 89.6% and 80.9% for the pulping mixed waste water and bleaching mixed waste water respectively.
Key words：Guangyechu's bast;bio-pulping;characteristics of waste water;SBR
（责任编辑：梁川）
废纸脱墨废水的毒性及其污染负荷的研究
赵宇1雷晓春2薛国新1
（1.浙江理工大学材料与纺织学院，浙江杭州，310018；2.杭州电子科技大学新闻出版学院，浙江杭州，310018）
摘要：利用优选的发光细菌对二次纤维脱墨废水的急性毒性作了研究。实验结果表明，两种脱墨工艺条件下的废水毒性大致相似，120 t/d和250 t/d脱墨生产工艺废水急性毒性EC50分别为69.96％和67.78％，均属于毒性级别；其总有机污染负荷CODCr分别为25.71 kg/t浆和20.35 kg/t浆，总毒性排放因子分别为17.88 TU·m3/t浆和15.54 TU·m3/t浆，相当于0.143 g/t浆和0.148 g/t浆的HgCl2。
关键词：废纸脱墨废水；毒性；污染负荷
中图分类号：TS79
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0041-03
Toxicity and Toxicity Load of Dinking Effluents
ZHAO Yu1,*LEI Xiao-chun2XUE Guo-xin1
(1.College of Materials & Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018; 2.Hangzhou Dianzi University，Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province, 310018)
(*E-mail:yuzh@zstu.edu.cn)
Abstract：The toxicity of deinking effluents of secondary fiber was studied by using optimum selected photobacteria. The results showed that the value of EC50 for acute toxicities in deinking effluents, which were from the production lines with capacities of 120 t/d and 250 t/d, were 69.96% and 67.78% respectively, both reached the level of toxicity. As far as a total organic load is concerned, the value were 25.71 and 20.35 kg CODCr/t pulp, and the total TEFs were about 17.88 and 15.54 TU·m3/t pulp respectively, they were equivalent to 0.143 and 0.148 g HgCl2/t pulp. Therefore, the toxicity and toxicity emission of secondary fiber deinking effluents should not be neglectable.
Key words：deink effluent;toxicity;pollution load
（责任编辑：孙秋菊）
一种新型纤维素螯合吸附剂的制备
黄金阳1,2刘明华1,3,*黄统琳1苏小红1
（1.福州大学环境与资源学院，福建福州，350108；
2.厦门大学嘉庚学院，福建漳州，363105；
3.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘要：以硝酸铈铵为引发剂，在纤维素上接枝丙烯腈，将共聚物先皂化后偕胺肟化，制备了一种含偕胺肟基和羧基的新型纤维素螯合吸附剂（AOSC），并对制备条件进行优化。结果表明，接枝反应的最佳条件为：引发剂浓度5.71 mmol/L，丙烯腈浓度1.38 mol/L，温度50℃，反应时间60 min；在此条件下，丙烯腈接枝率和接枝效率分别达到85.0%和53.2%。皂化反应中NaOH的最佳浓度为0.125 mol/L，而偕胺肟化反应中盐酸羟胺的最佳浓度为1.03 mol/L，相应的腈基转化率可达99.1％，AOSC对Cr6+的吸附容量为95.8 mg/g。
关键词：纤维素；丙烯腈；偕胺肟化；吸附剂
中图分类号：TQ321.2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0044-04
The Preparation of a New Cellulose Chelating Adsorbent
HUANG Jin-yang1,2LIU Ming-hua1,3,*HUANG Tong-lin1SU Xiao-hong1
(1.College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108;
2. Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, 363105;
3. State Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail:mhliu2000@263.net)
Abstract：The graft copolymer of cellulose-co-acrylonitrile was prepared by grafting acrylonitrile monomer onto the masson pine bleached sulfate pulp cellulose with ammonium cerium nitrate as initiator. Then the graft copolymer was further saponificated and amidoximed to prepare a new cellulose chelating adsorbent containing the carboxyl and amidoxime groups, denoted as AOSC. Under the optimum graft conditions, i.e., 5.71 mmol/L of initiatior concentration, 1.38 mol/L of the acrylonitrile concentration, 50 ℃ of the reaction temperature and 60 min of the reaction time, the graft rate and the graft efficiency could reach 85.0% and 53.2% respectively. Additionally, the satisfactory preparation conditions of the adsorbent also included 0.125 mol/L of NaOH concentration in the saponification reaction and 1.03 mol/L of hydroxylamine concentration in the amidoximation traction. Under the above optimal conditions, the conversion rate of CN group could reach 99.1%. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of AOSC for Cr6+ could also reach 95.8 mg/g.
Key words：cellulose;acrylonitrile;amidoximation;adsorbent
（责任编辑：刘振华）
Pd/C催化下碱木质素的高压加氢反应
叶结旺1方桂珍2
（1.浙江林学院工程学院，浙江临安，311300；2.东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨，150040）
摘要：为了提高碱木质素的反应活性，探讨了高压条件下，以Pd/C为催化剂，氢气对碱木质素的加氢反应。研究结果表明：在催化剂的负载量3%、用量10%，温度100℃，时间4 h，氢气压力3 MPa的条件下，反应后碱木质素的总羟基、醇羟基和酚羟基含量分别为15.69%、11.45%、4.24%，较反应前分别提高了158.1%、310.4%、28.9%。1H-NMR分析显示，代表羰基和羧基的质子吸收减少，而代表酚羟基和醇羟基的质子吸收增加。GPC分析表明，碱木质素结构单元间的缩合减少，质均分子质量和数均分子质量在反应后都有所下降，碱木质素的多分散性增大。元素分析显示，C和H的含量在反应后都有所增加，而O含量降低，表明碱木质素发生了还原反应。
关键词：Pd/C催化剂；碱木质素；加氢反应；改性
中图分类号：TS71
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0048-05
Hydrogenation Reaction of Alkali Lignin Catalysed by Pd/C
YE Jie-wang1,*FANG Gui-zhen2
(1. Engineering College, Zhejiang Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, 311300;
2. Key Lab of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040)
(*E-mail:yjw0418@zjfc.edu.cn)
Abstract：To improve the reactivity of alkali lignin, hydrogenation modification reaction with H2 and catalyzed by Pd/C catalyst at the high pressure was carried out. Results showed that: at the condition of 3% loading of Pd, 10% of catalyst dosage, temperature of 100℃, time of 4 h, H2 pressure of 3 MPa, the contents of total hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and alcoholic hydroxyl of alkali lignin are 15.69%, 4.24% and 11.45%, with an increase of 158.1%, 28.9% and 310.4% respectively. 1H-NMR analysis showed that protons absorptions belonging to carbonyl and carboxyl decrease, while that belonging to phenolic hydroxyl and alcoholic hydroxyl increase. GPC analysis indicated that the condensation of lignin structure unit reduces, and both weight average and number average molecular weight decrease, so the polydispersity of alkali lignin increases. EA analysis showed that both of the contents of C and H increase, while that of O decreases, indicating that alkali lignin suffers deoxidization reaction.
Key words：Pd/C catalyst；alkali lignin；hydrogenation reaction；modification
（责任编辑：关颖）
杨木自催化乙醇法制浆蒸煮废液的超滤处理
杨瑞丰崔鑫周景辉*
（大连工业大学辽宁省制浆造纸工程重点实验室，辽宁大连，116034）
摘要：研究了利用PES超滤膜处理杨木自催化乙醇法蒸煮废液时，膜通量及膜滤阻力的变化规律，分析了超滤过程中的膜截留分子质量、温度、乙醇浓度、压力、搅拌速度等因素对超滤过程的影响，确定超滤过程的最佳操作条件：PES膜截留相对分子质量1.0×104，压力0.20 MPa，搅拌速度600 r/min，温度30℃；研究结果表明膜污染主要是由膜面颗粒沉积层决定的。
关键词：自催化乙醇法；超滤；膜通量；污染阻力
中图分类号： X793
文献标识码： A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0053-05
Ultrafiltration of Waste Liquor from Auto-catalyzed Ethanol-water Pulping of Aspen
YANG Rui-fengCUI XinZHOU Jing-hui*
(Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Province Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116034)
(*E-mail:zhoujh@dlpu.edu.cn)
Abstract：Treatment of auto-catalyzed ethanol-water pulping black liquor of aspen by PES ultrafiltration membrane and the change rules of membrane flux and filtrating resistance were studied. The effects of some factors on ultrafiltration process were investigated, such as membrane withholded molecular weight, temperature, ethanol concentration, pressure, stiring speed and so on. The optimal operating conditions in ultrafiltration process were decided. The experiment results indicated that the membrane concentration is mainly caused by the granule sediment on the membrane surface. In the ultrafiltration process, the membrane molecular weigh cut off is 10000. The pressure is 0.2 MPa, the stiring speed is 600 r/min, the temperature is 30℃.
Key words：auto-catalyzed ethanol-water pulping;ultrafiltration;membrane flux
（责任编辑：郭彩云）
造纸废水污灌对土壤性质及脲酶活性的影响
严金龙全桂香丁成
（盐城工学院化学与生物工程学院,江苏盐城,224003）
摘要：通过大田试验和实验室盆栽实验，研究了造纸废水污灌对土壤理化性质、呼吸强度和脲酶活性的影响及其时间的动态变化规律。结果表明，造纸废水长期污灌后，土壤有机质含量表现为少量增加，而盐碱性增强。污水灌溉早期会刺激土壤呼吸作用，浓度越大，作用越明显；后期逐渐恢复，25 d后恢复至对照水平。对土壤脲酶，则表现为先抑制、后恢复。
关键词：造纸废水；土壤呼吸作用；脲酶
中图分类号：X73
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0058-03
Influences of Pulping Wastewater Irrigation on the Soil Properties and the Activity of Urease
YAN Jin-long*QUAN Gui-xiangDING Cheng
(School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224003)
(*E-mail:yjlyt@ycit.cn)
Abstract：The dynamic influences of irrigation with pulping wastewater on soil physiochemical properties, soil respiration and activity of urease in soils were investigated in the field and pot scale. The results showed that the amount of organic matter in the soils and pH values increase. Soil respiration is simulated at the beginning of irrigation, but it recovers to the original value after 25 days. Higher concentration of the wastewater leads to higher simulation effect. The activity of soil urease decreases slightly within the first 10 days, and then increases.
Key words：pulping wastewater;soil respiration;urease
（责任编辑：马忻）
树脂吸附法处理酸析黑液废水的研究
陈一良1,2蒋凯2何晓妍2潘丙才1张全兴1
（1.南京大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室，江苏南京，210093；
2.南京林业大学化工学院，江苏南京，210037）
摘要：采用树脂吸附法处理酸析黑液废水并回收木质素，考察了树脂吸附-脱附的影响因素，并优化了相关工艺参数。实验结果表明，在最佳工艺条件下，黑液经酸析-固定床吸附处理后，CODCr由72000 mg/L降至9000 mg/L，去除率为87.5%，木质素去除率达到98.0%，色度由16000倍降至8倍，去除率高达99.9%。酸析得到粗木质素，树脂吸附可分离回收较纯木质素。可生化性实验表明，经树脂吸附处理后废水的生物降解性能得到显著改善。该工艺操作简单，稳定可靠，运行成本低，在废水处理的同时实现了资源回收，且为后续生物处理创造了良好条件。
关键词：黑液；树脂吸附；木质素；资源化；可生化性
中图分类号：X793
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0061-05
Treatment of Wastewater of Acid-Precipitation Black Liquor with Resin Adsorption Process
CHEN Yi-liang1,2,*JIANG Kai2HE Xiao-yan2
PAN Bing-cai1ZHANG Quan-xing1
(1. State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse，Nanjing University，Nanjing，Jiangsu Province， 210093; 2. Department of Environmental Engineering，Nanjing Forestry University，Nanjing，Jiangsu Province, 210037)
(*E-mail:cylfine@163.com)
Abstract：Resin adsorption process was adopted to treat acid-precipitation black liquor and recover the lignin dissolved in the wastewater. The factors influencing adsorption and desorption were investigated, and the process parameters were optimized. The experimental results showed that CODCr of black liquor reduced from 72000 to 9000 mg/L with removal efficiency of 87.5% through acid precipitation and fixed-bed adsorption treatment under the optimal conditions. The removal rate of lignin was 98.0%, and the wastewater color became yellowy from 16000 dilution times with 99.9% removal rate. Crude lignin was obtained by acid precipitation and purer lignin could be separated and recovered through resin adsorption. The biodegradation experiments indicated the wastewater biodegradability was greatly improved after resin adsorption treatment. The proposed process is effective for the wastewater treatment, it can also recover the pollutant as resource, and the resulting effluent is more suitable for subsequent biodegradation as compared to the original wastewater.
Key words：black liquor;resin adsorption;lignin;resource recovery;biodegradability
（责任编辑：赵旸宇）
木质素基β-环糊精醚的合成及对Cu2+的吸附性能
胡春平方桂珍*李志娜金钟玲
（东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室, 黑龙江哈尔滨, 150040）
摘要：采用固载化的方法，以环氧氯丙烷做为连接剂，在碱性介质中将β-环糊精接枝到木质素上，制备了木质素基β-环糊精醚（简称L-β-CD）新型吸附剂。采用红外光谱对其结构进行定性分析，通过单因素实验，考察了β-环糊精用量、氢氧化钠用量、反应温度和反应时间对β-环糊精含量的影响,研究了L-β-CD对Cu2+的吸附性能。结果表明，L-β-CD的较佳合成条件为：β-环糊精与木质素的质量比为3∶1，氢氧化钠（质量分数16.7％）用量25 mL/g木质素，反应温度55℃，反应时间3 h，此时木质素基β-环糊精醚中β-环糊精的含量最大，为30.88 μmol/g。20℃时，L-β-CD对Cu2+吸附容量为16.54 mg/g。
关键词：麦草碱木质素；β-环糊精；木质素基β-环糊精醚；吸附；Cu2+
中图分类号：TQ630.4+3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0066-04
Synthesis of Lignin Grafted β-Cyclodextrin and Its Cu2+Adsorption Performance
HU Chun-pingFANG Gui-zhen*LI Zhi-naJIN Zhong-ling
(Key Lab of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province,150040)
(*E-mail:fanggz@public.hr.hl.cn)
Abstract：A new kind of adsorption agent lignin grafted β-cyclodextrin （L-β-CD）coataining epichlorohydrin was synthesized in the alkaline solution from the wheat straw alkali lignin. The structure of lignin grafted β-cyclodextrin was analyzed by FT-IR .The influences of the dosage of β-cyclodextrin, reaction temperature, reaction time and the dosage of sodium hydroxide on the β-cyclodextrin content were investigated. The results showed that the optimal synthesis condition was that the ratio of β-cyclodextrin to lignin was 3 to 1 by weight, the reaction temperation was 55℃, the reaction time was 3 hours and the dosage of sodium hydroxide was 25 mL(16.7% by weight) per gram of lignin, the β-cyclodextrin content reached the maximum 30.88 μmol/g under this condition. The Cu2+ adsorption performance of the lignin grafted β-cyclodextrin was studied in the model of polluted water. The results showed that the saturated quantity of Cu2+ reached 16.54mg/g.
Key words：alkali lignin;β-cyclodextrin;lignin grafted β-cyclodextrin;adsorption;Cu2+
（责任编辑：常青）
中、低浓打浆的使用效果及打浆机理的差异
刘士亮陈中豪曹国平李广胜
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘要：探讨了中、低浓打浆使用效果的差异，通过快速摄影技术对中、低浓打浆磨区内纤维的运动规律进行观察，在此基础上分析了中、低浓打浆机理的差异，定性提出了中浓打浆摩擦形变效应的观点。
关键词：中浓；低浓；打浆机理；摩擦形变效应
中图分类号：TS752
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0070-05
Differences of Mechanism and Application between Medium Consistency Refining and Low Consistency Refining
LIU Shi-liang*CHEN Zhong-haoCAO Guo-pingLI Guang-sheng
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province,510640)
(*E-mail:hanyongliu@126.com)
Abstract：The differences of application and mechanism between medium consistency refining and low consistency refining were studied in the paper. The mechanism of friction deformation effect for medium consistency refining was introduced based on celerity photography, fluid mechanics and pulp fluid changement.
Key words：medium consistency;low consistency;refining;mechanism;friction deformation effect
(责任编辑：王岩)
旧报纸碎浆过程中产生的溶解与胶体物质的研究
李学凤1秦梦华1刘娜1苗庆显1,2
（1.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250353；
2.天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室，天津，300457）
摘要：系统研究了旧报纸碎浆过程中释放的溶解与胶体物质（DCS）。利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）分析了在碎浆过程中产生的碳水化合物、树脂酸和脂肪酸，并用紫外分光光度法定性定量测定了木素含量。结果表明，DCS中溶解性物质占较大比例，碎解过程中释放出最多的糖类是木聚糖，而亲脂性抽出物中树脂酸的含量高于脂肪酸的含量，DCS中的木素主要以溶解木素的形式存在。
关键词：旧报纸；溶解与胶体物质（DCS）；碳水化合物；树脂酸；脂肪酸
中图分类号：TS71+3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0075-05
Study on Dissolved and Colloidal Substances Released during the Pulping of Old Newspaper
LI Xue-feng1,*QIN Meng-hua1LIU Na1MIAO Qing-xian1,2
(1.Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, 250353; 2. Tianjin Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457）
(*E-mail:lixuefeng-222@163.com)
Abstract：The dissolved and the colloidal substances (DCS) released during the pulping of the old newspapers were studied systematically. The carbohydrates, the resin acids and fatty acids were analyzed by using GC-MS and the lignin content was determined qualitatively and quantitatively by UV-spectrophotometer. The results showed that carbohydrates account for a large proportion of the DCS, and the content of resin acids is higher than that of fatty acids in the lipophilic extractives while the lignin represents mainly in the dissolved ones.
Key words：old newspaper;DCS;carbohydrates;resin acid;fatty acid
（责任编辑：刘振华）
杨木机械浆中溶胶物质与阳离子助剂间作用行为的研究
苗庆显1,2侯庆喜1秦梦华2傅英娟2
（1.天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室，天津，300457；2.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸教育部重点实验室，山东济南，250353）
摘要：探讨了3种典型的阳离子助剂——聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDADMAC）、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）和阳离子淀粉对杨木CTMP浆水体系中DCS的稳定性及其去除效果的影响。结果表明，不同pH值条件下其影响效果不同；纤维的存在易使DCS失稳，更易被除去；体系中DCS浓度越高，需要的阳离子聚合物就越多，越有助于DCS的去除。
关键词：溶解与胶体物质；稳定性；CODCr；阳离子需求量
中图分类号：TS743+.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0080-06
The Interaction between Cationic Polymers and Dissolved and Colloidal Substances from Aspen Chemithermomechanical Pulp
MIAO Qing-xian1,2,*HOU Qing-xi1QIN Meng-hua2FU Ying-juan2
（1. Tianjin Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457; 2.Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250353.）
(*E-mail:miaoqingxian@163.com)
Abstract：During the production of mechanical pulp, dissolved and colloidal substances(DCS) are released into the process water, these substances will influence the performance of cationic additives due to their anionic charges. Polydiallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride, cationic polyacr, ylamide and cationic starch were used to study the interaction between dissolved and colloidal substances and them. The results showed that the addition of cationic additives has a great effect on the stability and the removal of DCS, pH value also plays an important role in the interactions. The presence of fibers promotes the destabilization and the removal of DCS. More cationic polymers are needed to destabilize the DCS completely when the DCS concentration increases. And the increasing concentration of DCS is of benefit to the removal of themselves.
Key words：dissolved and colloidal substances;stability;CODCr;cationic demand
（责任编辑：田风洲）
硫酸铝在阳离子分散松香胶施胶中的作用
陈梅燕1刘温霞1,*刘鹏1曲和玲2
（1.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250353；2.山东省轻工业设计院，山东济南，250014）
摘要：探讨了硫酸铝与阳离子分散松香胶的作用及硫酸铝对松香胶施胶的影响。结果表明，在含水体系中，硫酸铝与阳离子分散松香胶聚集，但有利于阳离子松香胶粒子在纸张中的均匀分布和防止松香胶粒子的聚并。硫酸铝的加入提高了阳离子分散松香胶的软化点和熔点，从而有利于提高松香胶的疏水性，防止胶膜在干燥中的破坏，但不影响松香胶粒的熔融铺展。硫酸铝的加入量对纸张施胶产生更为重要的作用。
关键词：松香类施胶剂；阳离子分散松香胶；硫酸铝；中性施胶
中图分类号：TS727+.5
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0086-04
The Function of Alum in Cationic Dispersed Rosin Sizing
CHEN Mei-yan1LIU Wen-xia1,*LIU Peng1QU He-ling2
(1. Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, 250353; 2. Shandong Light Industry Designing Institute, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, 250014)
(*E-mail:liuwenxia@sdili.edu.cn)
Abstract：The reaction of alum with cationic dispersed rosin size under various conditions and its effect on the rosin sizing development were investigated. The results showed that there is an aggregation between alum and cationic dispersed rosin size in aqueous system, but it is still of benefit to the uniform distribution of rosin particles on paper surface and prevent them from merging into large ones. The existence of alum significantly increases the softening and melting temperature of the cationic dispersed rosin size while that does not prevent the rosin size melting and spreading on the paper surface. Alum also improves the hydrophobicity of rosin size film and promotes the formation of well constructed rosin film during drying. The dosage of alum instead of the ratio of alum to rosin size is more important to the sizing development of cationic dispersed rosin size.
Key words：rosin based sizing agent；cationic dispersed rosin size；aluminum sulfate；neutral sizing
(责任编辑：梁川)
碳纤维屏蔽纸屏蔽性能的研究
钟林新张美云陈均志刘叶
（陕西科技大学造纸工程学院，陕西西安，710021）
摘要：对碳纤维屏蔽纸的屏蔽机理及其在电磁波频率为100 kHz～1.5 GHz范围内的屏蔽性能进行了探讨。结果表明，屏蔽纸对不同频率段电磁波产生不同的屏蔽效能；随着纸张电导率、厚度的增加，屏蔽效能提高。屏蔽纸在600 MHz～1.2 GHz频段具有更高的屏蔽效能。通过改变碳纤维含量和纸张厚度可以制备具有不同屏蔽效能的屏蔽纸，应用于不同场合，防止电磁辐射危害与干扰、防止电磁信息泄漏。
关键词：屏蔽纸；碳纤维；屏蔽效能
中图分类号：TS722
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0090-04
Study on the Shielding Properties of Carbon Fiber Shielding Paper
ZHONG Lin-xin*ZHANG Mei-yunCHEN Jun-zhiLIU Ye
(College of Papermaking Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021 )
(*E-mail:xunuo1024@163.com)
Abstract：The shielding mechanism and the shielding effectiveness (SE) of carbon fiber shielding paper were evaluated and discussed in this paper. The SE of the paper increases visibly with the increase of the carbon fiber content and the paper thickness. The main shielding mechanism of the paper are reflection and absorption. The shielding paper has higher SE in the frequency range of 600 MHz～1.2 GHz than that in other frequency. The shielding paper with various SE (30～50 dB) can be obtained by changing the carbon fiber content and the paper thickness, and can be used in different occasions for reducing or preventing electromagnetic interference (EMI), electromagnetic hazards, or information leakage.
Key words：carbon fiber;shielding paper;shielding effectiveness
（责任编辑：孙秋菊）
海藻酸钠磁性微粒的制备及对漆酶的固定化
赵敏1,2王玮1李昕芯1魏兴东1卢磊1杨传平2,*
（1.东北林业大学生命科学学院，黑龙江哈尔滨，150040；2.东北林业大学林木遗传育种与生物技术教育部重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨，150040）
摘要：利用化学共沉淀法制备纳米级磁性Fe3O4粒子，通过乳化作用把该粒子与海藻酸钠结合制备了磁性海藻酸钠微粒，将该磁性微粒进行表面修饰生成酰氯基团，并通过化学共价法固定漆酶。用正交实验优化了固定化条件，在此条件下获得了固定化漆酶；与游离漆酶相比，固定化漆酶与底物ABTS亲和力降低，最适pH值、最适温度相同，热稳定性
显著提高，具有良好的循环使用性和贮藏稳定性，对染料刚果红的降解率也较高。结果表明，表面改性的海藻酸钠磁性微粒是一种良好的固定化漆酶载体。
关键词：海藻酸钠；磁性微粒；酰氯基团；固定化；漆酶
中图分类号：Q55
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0094-06
Preparation of Surface Modified Alginate Nanoparticles with Acyl Chloride Groups and Its Use in Immobilization of Laccase
ZHAO Min1,2WANG Wei1LI Xin-xin1WEI Xing-dong1LU Lei1YANG Chuan-ping2,*
(1. College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040;2. Key Lab of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040)
(*E-mail:yangcp@nefu.edu.cn)
Abstract：Nanometer magnetic Fe3O4 particles were prepared by co-precipitation method. And with emulsification, the magnetic alginate nanopaticles were synthesized by taking Fe3O4 particles as nucleus, alginate as carrier. Then the magnetic particles were surface-modified with acyl chloride groups to immobilize laccase covalently. The conditions of immobilization of laccase were optimized by orthogonal design: 100 U/mL laccase 5 mL, and immobilizing for 30 min. Compared with the free enzyme, the affinity to substrate ABTS of immobilized enzyme decreased, but its stability was considerably improved. The optimal pH and temperature for immobilized enzyme was 3 and 50℃ respectively. The activity of immobilized enzyme could remain 80% at a temperature of 70℃ for 7 h, but the free enzyme would be greatly affected under the same conditions; the immobilized enzyme still remained about 50% of its initial activity after 10 cycles; and the storage stability of laccase was greatly improved after its immobilization. The decolorization of immobilized and free laccase to dye Congo red after 12 h was 39.92% and 22.59% respectively. The result showed that the modified magnetic alginate nanoparticles were good carrier for laccase immobilization.
Key words：magnetic particle；alginate nanopaticle；immobilization；laccase；acyl chloride group
（责任编辑：关颖）
含氟丙烯酸酯防油剂的制备及在纸张表面施胶中的应用
王健杨瑞丰刘彦军
（大连工业大学化工与材料学院，辽宁大连，116034）
摘要：以含氟丙烯酸酯为主要单体制备了纸张防油剂，利用红外光谱和激光粒度仪对防油剂进行表征。研究了防油剂、阳离子淀粉、聚乙烯醇对表面施胶纸张防油性能的影响，并对纸张进行SEM电镜分析。采用Oil Kit Test-TAPPI 557国际通用测试法检测表明，当防油剂用量0.6％、阳离子淀粉用量1.0％、聚乙烯醇用量0.8％时，纸张防油等级可达9级。纸张表面强度、抗张强度、耐折度和耐破指数分别提高45.2%、9.3%、22.2%和7.8%。
关键词：防油剂；拒油；表面施胶
中图分类号：TS727+.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0100-04
Preparation of the Fluoroacrylate Copolymer as the Oil-Proof Agent for Paper Surface Sizing
WANG Jian*YANG Rui-fengLIU Yan-jun
(College of Chemical and Material, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning Province,116034)
(*E-mail:wykgxlwj@hotmail.com)
Abstract：The oil-proof agent for paper was synthesized by using fluoroacrylate as the main monomer, and it was characterized by FT-IR and laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The effect of oil-proof agent dosage, the cationic starch dosage and PVA dosage on oil-proof properties of the surface sized paper were studied, the physical performance of the paper was also discussed. The paper was characterized by SEM and using Oil Kit Test-TAPPI557, the results showed that the oil repellent grade was 9 when the oil-proof agent dosage is 0.6%, the cationic starch dosage is 1.0%, and PVA dosage is 0.8%.The paper surface strength, tensile strength, folding endurance and burst index were increased by 45.2%,9.3%,22.2% and 7.8% respectively.
Key words：oil-proof agent;oil-proof;surface sizing
（责任编辑：田风洲）
有效残余油墨浓度测量方法及其特点分析
文海平何北海刘攀邱兴
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘要：介绍了有效残余油墨浓度的测量原理，并分析了有效残余油墨浓度测量方法的优点和局限性。除有效残余油墨浓度以外，同时测得的零油墨脱墨浆白度为脱墨提供了一个理想目标，脱墨浆中油墨组分吸收系数与非油墨组分吸收系数相对大小能反映脱墨浆可以通过漂白提高白度的潜在能力。脱墨浆试样不透明度过大、回用纤维中含有部分彩色油墨粒子、试样制备方法不同均会对测量结果产生一定影响。
关键词：有效残余油墨浓度；Kubelka-Munk理论；脱墨浆
中图分类号：TS749+.7
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0104-04
The Effective Residual Ink Concentration Measurement Method and Its Characteristics
WEN Hai-ping*HE Bei-haiLIU PanQIU Xing
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail:polangwen@126.com)
Abstract：The measurement principle of effective residual ink concentration(ERIC) was introduced. The limitation and advantage of this method were also analyzed according to Kubelka-Munk theory. The inkless brightness provides a perfect goal for deinking. Compared lignin and dyes absorption coefficient to ink absorption coefficient, the potential brightness gain by bleaching can be evaluated. When the opacity of deinked pulp sample is above 97%, the default value of scattering coefficient is used to calculate results in errors. The procedures of sample preparation and the colored pigments have also effects on ERIC.
Key words：effective residual ink concentration;Kubelka-Munk theory;deinked pulp
（责任编辑：梁川）
造纸蒸球焊缝与热影响区耐蚀性研究
郭巧琴1，2李建平1冯拉俊2
（1.西安工业大学材料与化工学院，陕西西安，710032;2.西安理工大学材料科学与工程学院，陕西西安，710048）
摘要：针对亚铵法制浆造纸设备严重腐蚀的问题，采用三电极电化学研究法、金相组织分析法及失量法研究了造纸蒸球焊缝与热影响区在亚硫酸铵介质中的腐蚀行为。结果表明，温度升高和亚硫酸铵溶液浓度增大均促使焊缝与热影响区的腐蚀速率增大。随着亚硫酸铵介质pH值由酸性向碱性转变，极化体系中阳极区均出现钝化，其腐蚀速率减小。Q235钢经J420焊条焊接后，组织特点决定了焊缝的腐蚀速率大于热影响区。
关键词：热影响区；亚硫酸铵；电化学腐蚀
中图分类号：TS733+.2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0108-05
Corrosion Behavior of the Welded Seam and Heat-affected Zone of the Rotary Digester
in Ammonium Sulfite Solution
GUO Qiao-qin1,2,*LI Jian-ping1FENG La-jun2
(1. Xi'an Technological University, Schools of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032;2. Xi'an University of Technology, Institute of Material Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710048)
(*E-mail:guoqiaoqin66@126.com)
Abstract：The corrosion behavior of the welded seam and heat-affected zone of the rotary digester in ammonium sulfite solution was studied by using three anodes electrochemical method and metallurgical structure analysis. The results showed that the corrosion rates of the welded seam and heat-affected zone are accelerated by increasing the temperature and concentration of ammonium sulfite solution. The passivation appeared in the two anodes in the polarization system, the corrosion rate reduced when the solution pH changed from acid to alkali. The welded seam's corrosion rate was faster than the heat-affected zone's, which was determined by their structures after the Q235 steel was jointed by J420 electrode.
Key words：heat-affected zone;ammonium sulfite;electrochemical corrosion
（责任编辑：孙秋菊）
模糊神经模型对废水处理过程COD的预测及控制
马邕文黄明智万金泉王艳
（华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院，广东广州，510640）
摘要：基于提高工业废水处理自动化程度、保证出水水质的考虑，通过正交实验法获得了用于FNN模型训练和测试的样本数据，并建立了相应的FNN预测和控制模型；结合模糊C均值聚类和混合算法完成网络的结构辨识和参数辨识，仿真结果表明，预测模型具有很好的学习能力和泛化能力，而测试数据的相对误差范围为1.2%～8%；建立好的预测控制模型与MCGS组态软件结合应用于实验室的造纸废水处理控制，改变原水COD和进水流量的大小，控制系统会自动计算出该时刻的加药量，其出水CODCr维持在400 mg/L左右，同人工恒定加药量相比平均相对误差小很多，只有1.98 ％，结果表明MCGS和控制算法结合可以有效控制废水处理过程。
关键词：模糊神经网络；工业废水处理；预测控制
中图分类号：X793
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0113-06
Research on Forecasting COD in Wastewater Treatment Process and Controlling Addition Dosage Using Fuzzy Neural-Net Model
MA Yong-wen*HUANG Ming-zhiWAN Jin-quanWANG Yan
(College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province,510640)
(*E-mail:yw.mascut@163.com)
Abstract：In order to improve automatic level in industrial wastewater treatment and have a high treated effluent quality, a fuzzy neural-based model with Takagi-Sugeno inference-based prediction and a conventional network for system control are presented, and the data samples are collected through orthogonal test to train and test the FNN model obtained. Fuzzy C-means clustering to identify model's architecture and a hybrid learning rule to identify parameters are also introduced, and the simulative results indicate that the model has good ability both in learning and generalization, with relative errors of test data are 1.2%～8%. The control of papermaking wastewater treatment process in the laboratory under the combination of FNN model established and MCGS shows that the expectation CODCr value of effluent from integrative reactor was set in 400 mg/L，the dosage was worked out by the intelligent control system when CODCr value or flux of influent was changed to make sure CODCr value of effluent from the high effective reactor was 400 mg/L. Compared with invariable addition dosage， the average relative error of this model was only 1.98 ％, the results indicated that the combination of MCGS and control algorithms is virtual to control the wastewater treatment process.
Key words：fuzzy neural network;industrial wastewater treatment;predictive control
（责任编辑：关颖）
基于DSP的纸张缺陷实时检测系统设计
邱书波吕荫平
（山东轻工业学院自动化研究所，山东济南，250353）
摘要：基于DSP的纸张缺陷检测系统，分别对该系统的硬件和软件部分进行介绍。硬件部分采用高性能的DSP芯片作为图像处理的核心部分，为缺陷检测的实时性提供了保证；软件部分采用支持向量机算法，克服了传统方法的大样本要求和维数灾难及局部极小问题, 又把非线性空间的问题转换到线性空间，降低了算法的复杂度，提高了计算速度。通过将支持向量机识别算法嵌入到高性能DSP芯片中，很好地实现了纸张缺陷的实时检测。
关键词：纸张缺陷；DSP；分类；支持向量机
中图分类号：TP216+.4
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6842（2008）04-0119-04
Design of Paper Defect Real Time Detecting System Based on DSP
QIU Shu-bo*LV Yin-ping
(Automation Lab, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, 250353)
(*E-mail:fox1019@163.com)
Abstract：A paper defect detecting system based on DSP, including its hardware part and software part was introduced. High performance DSP chip was used as the key part of imagine processing in the hardware, it assures the real time defect testing of the system. The software part is the popular Support Vector Machine arithmetic. This arithmetic is based on statistics theory, which conquers the requiring of large sample and dimension mischance and the problem of local infinitesimal. This arithmetic turns the computing from nolinear space to linear space, reducing the complexity of the arithmetic and upgrading the speed of computing. In this paper the Support Vector Machine arithmetic was inserted into high performance DSPs to achieve the real time detecting of paper defect, and the results of experiment proved that this method is effective.
Key words：paper defect;DSP;classification;Support Vector Machine
（责任编辑：陈丽卿）
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