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花棒的解剖结构及超微结构研究
许 凤1, 2 钟新春1 孙润仓2 卢 琦3
（1.齐齐哈尔大学轻工纺织学院，黑龙江齐齐哈尔，161006； 2.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640；3.中国林业科学院中国防治荒漠化研发中心，北京，100091）
摘 要：采用光学显微镜（LM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究了花棒（Hedysarum scoparium）的纤维形态、解剖结构及超微结构。结果表明：花棒主要由导管、木纤维、木射线薄壁细胞及少量轴向薄壁细胞组成。花棒属于阔叶木散孔材，木射线单列同型、导管上的纹孔排列方式为互列式。通过与毛白杨、麦草和红松的形态学参数比较研究发现，花棒虽然属于短纤维，纤维平均长度为0.68mm，但是其纤维形态良好。纤维细胞壁的超微结构典型地分为胞间层(ML)、初生壁(P)、次生壁外层(S1)、次生壁中层(S2)及次生壁内层(S3)。
关键词：花棒；纤维形态；解剖结构；超微结构
Anatomical Features and Ultrastructure of Hedysarum scoparium
XU Feng1, 2，* ZHONG Xin-chun1 SUN Run-cang2 Lu Qi3
(1. College of Light and Textile Industry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161006; 2. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640; 3. China National R & D Centre for Combating Desertification, China Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091)
(*Email: xfx315@163.com)
Abstract: The present study investigated the anatomical features and fibre morphology of Hedysarum scoparium by using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the cells are divided into four types: vessel, fibre, ray parenchyma and axial parenchyma. Hedysarum scoparium belongs to diffuse-porous wood. Rays are exclusively uniserial. Arrangement of intervessel pits is alternate type. Although the mean fibre length of Hedysarum scoparium is 0.68mm, this shrub has quite good fibre morphology compared with China white poplar, wheat straw and red pine. TEM images showed that cell wall of the fibre is typically divided into three layers including the primary wall (P), the middle lamellar (ML) and the secondary wall (S1, S2 and S3).
Key words:Hedysarum scoparium; fibre morphology; anatomical features; ultrastructure
木素DBDO缩合结构模型物的合成及鉴定
王少光 武书彬 李梦实
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：研究了木素二苯丙-二氧桥-松柏醇（Dibenzodioxiaino，简称DBDO)缩合结构模型物的合成方法，并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、高效液相色谱及31P-NMR和13C-NMR核磁共振等现代手段对合成产物的结构进行了深入分析。研究结果表明，利用香兰素单体，经过系列的还原及缩合反应可以得到DBDO缩合结构模型物。
关键词：木素模型物；香兰素；DBDO合成
Synthesis of the Lignin Condensed DBDO and Its Structural Analysis
WANG Shao-guang WU Shu-bin LI Meng-shi
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
（E-mail:wangshg2725@126.com)
Abstract: The synthesis method of lignin condensed Dibenzodioxiaino (DBDO) structure was investigated in this paper, FTIR, HPLC,13C-NMR and 31P-NMR were used to identify the chemical structure of the compounds. The results showed that the condensed DBDO structure could be synthesized from the vanillin by the reaction of reduction and condensation.
Key words: lignin model compounds; vanillin; DBDO; synthesis
蓝花楹磨木木素在硫酸盐法蒸煮过程中的降解及与多糖的缩合
周 燕1 谢益民1， 甘定能2 杨志勇1 杨海涛3
（1.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100；2. 湖南岳阳纸业股份有限公司，湖南岳阳，414002；3.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：提取蓝花楹磨木木素（MWL），并在木聚糖存在的条件下，模拟硫酸盐法蒸煮MWL。对MWL和蒸煮产物的酸不溶物进行FT-IR和13C-NMR分析，研究蓝花楹MWL的结构变化，探讨在硫酸盐法蒸煮产物中木素-碳水化合物复合体（LCC）的形成情况。研究发现：蒸煮产物中
的酸不溶物含有碳水化合物，其中有大量木聚糖。蓝花楹MWL结构单元之间的α-芳基醚键、β-芳基醚键非常容易断裂，有新的LCC结构形成木素和碳水化合物间的连接在蒸煮过程中发生不完全降解。
关键词：蓝花楹；MWL；木聚糖；硫酸盐法蒸煮；苯甲醚键；LCC
The Change of Lignin Structure during Kraft Cooking of MWL from Jacaranda copaia
ZHOU Yan1 XIE Yi-min1， GAN Ding-neng2 YANG Zhi-yong1 YANG Hai-tao3
(1. Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100; 2. Hu''nan Yueyang Paper Co Ltd, Yueyang, Hu''nan Province, 414002; 3. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(E-mail:ppymxie@sdili.edu.cn)
Abstract: Milled wood lignin (MWL) from Jacaranda copaia was prepared. In order to study the change of the structure, MWL was cooked by kraft method in existence of xylan. The combination of infrared spectra analysis and 13C-NMR was used to identify the LCC formed during kraft cooking. The research indicated that the lignin linkages were easy to be cleaved by kraft cooking, especially α-aryl ether linkage and β-aryl ether linkage. There were new LCC structures formed during the cleaving of lignin linkages. Some new LCC which was connected with benzyl ether linkage was formed from β-O-4 lignin and 5-5 lignin structures and xylan. The newly formed LCC was stable in alkali solution.
Key words: MWL from Jacaranda copaia; xylan; kraft cooking; benzyl ether linkage; LCC
全秆红麻硫酸盐法模拟连续蒸煮的研究
徐 峻 陈克复 于冬梅 杨仁党 陈奇峰
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：进行了硫酸盐法模拟连续蒸煮实验，详细探讨了全秆红麻的制浆性能。结果表明，全秆红麻制浆可采用常规连续蒸煮工艺，适宜的制浆工艺条件为：用碱量20％（Na2O计），硫化度22％，液比1∶4；预浸温度为80℃，时间10 min，蒸煮最高温度为168℃，保温时间60 min，粗浆得率45.5%，卡伯值26.6，白度21.1%ISO，所制取的红麻浆具有较高的成浆强度。
关键词：全秆红麻；硫酸盐法；连续蒸煮
Simulation of Kraft Continuous Cooking of Whole Stalk Kenaf
XU Jun CHEN Ke-fu YU Dong-mei YANG Ren-dang CHEN Qi-feng
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(E-mail: spbw24@56.com)
Abstract: The continuous pulping of whole stalk kenaf, a kind of non-wood long fiber materials, was discussed in this paper. The results showed that the conventional continuous cooking could be used to produce kenaf kraft pulp. The conditions for kraft continuous cooking were optimized as follows: alkaline charge 20%(Na2O), sulfidity 22%, liquor ratio 1:4, impregnation for 10min at 80℃,and retention for 60 min at 168℃. The pulp yield is 45.5%, kappa number is 26.6 and the brightness is 21.1%ISO. The results showed that the pulp has good strength properties.
Key words: whole stalk kenaf; kraft; continuous cooking
桉木常规KP浆和RDH浆的氧脱木素研究(Ⅵ)——预处理和强化对RDH浆氧脱木素的改善效果
李雪芝1 赵 建1，* 石淑兰2 胡惠仁2
（1.山东大学微生物技术国家重点实验室，山东济南，250100；2.天津科技大学材料科学与化学工程学院，天津，300222）
摘 要：研究了HNO3/NaNO3预处理、KMnO4预处理和H2O2强化对桉木RDH硫酸盐浆氧脱木素的改善效果，并与常规KP浆进行了对比。结果表明，少量H2O2对RDH浆氧脱木素具有良好的强化效果，较佳的H2O2用量为0.8%。在制备低卡伯值纸浆时，采用RDH蒸煮与H2O2强化的氧脱木素相结合的制浆方法比采用常规KP蒸煮与H2O2强化的氧脱木素相结合的方法更有利于保护纸浆的黏度。在氧脱木素前对RDH浆进行HNO3/NaNO3或KMnO4预处理也有利于改善氧脱木素的效果，提高残余木素的脱除程度，其中KMnO4预处理还可以较明显地提高纸浆白度。但相对而言，这两种预处理方式更适合于用来改善常规KP浆这类残余木素含量较高纸浆的氧脱木素。
关键词：RDH；硫酸盐浆；氧脱木素；预处理；强化
Improved Oxygen Delignification of RDH Kraft Pulp from Eucalyptus by Pretreatment and Reinforcement
LI Xue-zhi1 ZHAO Jian1， SHI Shu-lan2 HU Hui-ren2
(1. State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100;2. Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222)
(E-mail: zhaojian@sdu.edu.cn)
Abstract: Improved oxygen delignification of RDH (Rapid displacement heating) kraft pulp from eucalyptus by pretreatment with HNO3/NaNO3 and KMnO4, and reinforcement with H2O2 was studied in the paper. The results showed that addition of a low charge H2O2 to oxygen stage enhanced oxygen delignification of RDH pulp, and the optimum charge of H2O2 was 0.8%(on oven dry pulp weight). The pulping method, which combined RDH cooking with H2O2-reinforced oxygen delignification was superior to that which combined conventional kraft cooking with H2O2-reinforced oxygen delignification in the production of pulp with low kappa number and high viscosity. Pretreatment with HNO3/NaNO3 and KMnO4 prior to oxygen stage could improve efficiency of oxygen delignification, increase residual lignin removal rate, KMnO4 pretreatment also increased effectively brightness of the oxygen-delignified pulp. Relatively, oxygen delignification with HNO3/NaNO3 and KMnO4 pretreatment was more suitable for conventional kraft pulp than RDH pulp.
Key words: RDH; kraft pulp; oxygen delignification; pretreatment; reinforcement; eucalyptus
三倍体毛白杨低硬度化学浆全无氯漂白的研究
吉兴香 陈嘉川 杨桂花 田中建 石洪涛
（山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100）
摘 要：在实验室利用药液预浸和高温汽蒸预处理技术对三倍体毛白杨木片进行预处理，随后采用NaOH-AQ法制浆，得到低硬度化学浆。对该浆进行(Q/OP)QP全无氯(TCF)漂白，确定了(Q/OP)QP漂序较适宜的工艺条件为，H2O2强化氧脱木素段：浆浓10%，用碱量2.5%，H2O2用量3%，MgSO4用量0.5%，氧压0.6 MPa，温度100℃，时间60 min；Q段：浆浓8%，DTPA用量0.3%，初始pH值4，温度70℃，时间60 min；P段：浆浓10%，H2O2用量2%，MgSO4用量0.5%，Na2SiO3用量0.7％，温度90℃，用碱量1.5%，时间120 min。在适宜的条件下，三倍体毛白杨低硬度化学浆的白度可达82.0%ISO，黏度716 mL/g，漂后浆得率91.78％。
关键词：低硬度NaOH-AQ浆；三倍体毛白杨；强化氧脱木素；全无氯漂白
TCF Bleaching of the Low-Kappa Number Chemical Pulp from the Triploid of Populus Tomentosa
JI Xing-xiang CHEN Jia-chuan YANG Gui-hua TIAN Zhong-jian SHI Hong-tao
(Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100)
(E-mail:xxjt78@163.com)
Abstract: The low Kappa number soda-AQ pulp from triploid of populus tomentosa with a brightness of 37%ISO, a Kappa number of 13.5 and a viscosity of 851mL/g was obtained in the laboratory by high temperature steaming and the chemical pretreatment. The pulp was bleached with the total chlorine free process (Q/OP)QP sequence. The proper conditions in (Q/OP)QP sequence were as follows: Q/OP stage：pulp consistency 10%, H2O2 dosage 3%, NaOH dosage 2.5%,MgSO4 dosage 0.5%, oxygen pressure 0.6 MPa, at 90℃ and 60 minutes; Q stage: pulp consistency 8%,DTPA dosage 0.3%, initial pH value 4, at 70℃ and 60 minutes;P stage: pulp consistency 10%, H2O2 dosage 2%, MgSO4 dosage 0.5%, Na2SiO3 dosage 0.7%, NaOH dosage 1.5%, at 90℃ and 120 minutes. Under the conditions， the bleached (Q/OP)QP pulp with the brightness of 82.0%ISO, the viscosity of 716 mL/g was obtained and the bleached pulp yield was 91.78%.
Key words: low kappa number chemical pulp；triploid of populus tomentosa; strengthened oxygen delignification; TCF bleaching
旧报纸漆酶/介体脱墨过程中木素结构的研究
徐清华1 秦梦华1 傅英娟1 石淑兰2
(1.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100；2.天津科技大学环境与化学工程学院，天津，300222)
摘 要：利用元素分析、功能基分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对旧报纸漆酶/介体脱墨过程中木素结构的变化进行分析，并利用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）测定木素的分子质量及其分布。元素分析及功能基分析结果表明，漆酶/介体处理后，木素C9单元分子质量降低，木素的酚羟基和甲氧基含量降低，羰基和羧基含量升高。红外光谱分析结果显示，漆酶/介体处理过程中存在木素结构的部分破坏与溶出。GPC测定结果表明，漆酶/介体处理后浆料中木素的数均分子质量、重均分子质量及多分散性均下降，说明木素受到了一定程度的降解。
关键词：旧报纸；漆酶/介体；脱墨；木素；分析
The Change of Lignin Structure in Old Newspaper Deinking with Laccase-Mediator System
XU Qing-hua1， QIN Meng-hua1 FU Ying-jian1 SHI Shu-lan2
(1. Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100;2. Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222)
(E-mail:xqh@sdili.edu.cn)
Abstract：Dioxane lignin was extracted from control sample and laccase-mediator system (LMS) deinked pulp of old newspaper. Their structures were analyzed by elemental analysis, functional groups determination, FTIR. Comparing with the lignin from the control pulp, phenolic hydroxy and methoxyl content of the lignin from LMS deinked pulp decreased, while content of carboxyl and carbonyl groups increased. FTIR results showed that part of lignin was degraded and dissolved during the LMS treatment. Gel permeation chromatogram was used to investigate the change of lignin molar mass. Number average molecular weight, weight average molecular weight and polydispersity of lignin from LMS deinked pulp were lower than those of lignin from the control pulp, which indicated that lignin was somewhat degraded during the LMS deinking.
Key words: old newspaper; laccase-mediator system; deinking; lignin; elemental analysis; functional groups; FTIR; GPC
溶剂预处理结合超声波作用对混合办公废纸脱墨的研究
武书彬 张久政 郭秀强 刘焕彬
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州， 510640）
摘 要：采用溶剂法结合超声波处理办公废纸，评价了油墨的脱除效果。结果表明，在实验条件下，较理想的处理条件为：溶剂抽提时间40min；超声波处理时间10 min；超声波处理温度40℃；超声波处理功率300W；超声波处理频率40 kHz。处理后的浆料，经浮选和洗涤脱墨，白度可达83.6％ISO，残余油墨浓度43.67 mg/kg，脱墨浆手抄片的物理强度得以明显提高。
关键词：溶剂法；超声波；混合办公废纸；脱墨
Deinking of Mixed Office Wastepaper(MOW) with the Combination of Solvent Pretreatment and Ultrasonic
WU Shu-bin ZHANG Jiu-zheng GUO Xiu-qiang LIU Huan-bin
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(E-mail: shubinwu@scut.edu.cn)
Abstract: MOW was treated with the association of solvent and ultrasonic, the deinking efficiency was evaluated. The experimental results showed the optimal condition as following: solvent extraction for 40 minutes, ultrasonic treatment at 40 ℃ for 10 minutes , the ultrasonic frequency is 40 kHz and the ultrasonic power is 300W. The brightness and residual ink concentration reached 83.6% and 43.67ppm respectively after the flotation and washing, and the strength properties of the handsheet made from the deinking pulp were increased obviously.
Key words: solvent treatment; ultrasonic; mixed office wastepaper (MOW); deinking
丙烯酰胺／苯乙烯无皂乳液共聚反应动力学的研究
郭永新 陈少平 吴宗华
（福建师范大学化学与材料学院，福建福州，350007）
摘 要：考察了单体比例、引发剂和单体浓度、温度等对亲水性单体丙烯酰胺(Am) 与疏水性单体苯乙烯(St)的无皂乳液共聚反应速率的影响, 得到了相应的聚合速率方程：Rp=kp［M］0.53［I］0.54、聚合反应表观活化能Ea=91.89 kJ/mol和链增长活化能为21.79 kJ/mol。甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的存在使Am/St无皂乳液共聚反应速率加快。
关键词：苯乙烯；丙烯酰胺；乳液聚合；动力学
The Kinetics of Soap-Free Emulsion Copolymerization of Styrene and Acrylamide
GUO Yong-xin* CHEN Shao-ping WU Zong-hua
（College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007）
(E-mail:yongxinguo@163.com)
Abstract: The effects of molar ratios of the monomers, concentrations of the initiator and the monomers, as well as the reaction temperatures on the kinetics of soap-free emulsion copolymerization of water-soluble monomer acrylamide(AAm) and hydrophobic monomer styrene(St) are investigated. The results show that the copolymerization rate equation can be expressed as Rp=kp［M］0.53［I］0.54, the apparent activation energy is 91.89 kJ/mol and the chain-growth activation energy(Ep) is 21.79 kJ/mol. The presence of monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA) can increase the reaction rate of AAm and St.
Key words: styrene; acrylamide; emulsion polymerization; kinetics
热交联反应性湿增强剂EA/WEP/PAE的制备及增强性能研究
费贵强 沈一丁 李刚辉
（陕西科技大学轻化工材料与设计研究所，陕西咸阳，712081）
摘 要：采用两步法并加入乙醇胺(EA)和交联剂水溶性环氧树脂（WEP）
对聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷(PAE)进行改性，讨论了影响其合成的因素；并采用阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）作助留剂和阳离子改性PAE同时应用于棉浆抄纸。研究结果表明，n(NH2)/n(COOH)=1.05,n(EPA)/n(EPI)=1.5，n（EA）/n(EPA)=0.08，WEP用量10%，合成温度为60～70℃时，改性PAE对棉浆有很好的增湿强效果。当改性PAE用量为1.0%，助留剂 APAM加入量0.3%（相对绝干浆料），浆料pH值7～8时，成纸的湿强度可达39.8%，耐折度达3435次，裂断长达7.43 km。
关键词：乙醇胺；水溶性环氧树脂；阴离子聚丙烯酰胺；聚酰胺多胺-环氧氯丙烷；湿增强剂
Preparation and Application of Thermal Crosslinking and Reactive Wet Strength Agent EA/WEP/PAE
FEI Gui-qiang SHEN Yi-ding LI Gang-hui
(Institute of Light Chemical Industry Materials and Design, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712081)
(E-mail:03feiguiqiang@sust.edu.cn)
Abstract: PAE simultaneously modified by EA and WEP was successfully prepared through a two-step process. The factors affecting the preparation of modified PAE were discussed, and the applied experiment was carried out. Retention aid APAM and cationic PAE were simultaneously applied to the cotton pulp. The results showed that when n(NH2)/n(COOH)=1.05, n(EPA)/n(EPC)=1.5,n(EA)/n(EPA)=0.08, dosage of WEP is 10%, the synthesizing temperature is 60℃～70℃, EA/WEP/PAE is a kind of reactive wet strength agent with high efficiency. The wet strength of the cotton pulp can reach 39.8%, folding endurance is 3435(double times) and breaking length is 7.43 km when the dosage of EA/WEP/PAE is 1.0% and the retention aid APAM is 0.3%.
Key words: ethanolamine; water-soluble epoxy; anionic polyacrylamide; polyaminoamide epihalohydrin；wet strength agent
混合办公废纸碎浆过程中DCS的生成机制
张春辉1,2 秦梦华2 詹怀宇1 Holmbom B3 徐春林3
（1. 华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640；2.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100；3. Forest Chemistry Lab., ?bo Akademi University, Turku/?bo, Finland)
摘 要：利用气相色谱技术分析了混合办公废纸碎浆过程中DCS(溶解与胶体物质)的生成机制。研究结果表明：DCS中的糖基绝大部分是葡萄糖基。NaOH和H2O2都会使碳水化合物各糖基的浓度升高；脱墨剂对DCS中的碳水化合物的溶出影响很小。脂肪酸和树脂酸(统称RFAs)主要包括脱氢枞酸、十六碳酸、双(乙基己基)邻苯二甲酯等，其他组分的浓度很小。加入脱墨剂，这些亲脂性物质的浓度成倍增加；NaOH会促进RFAs的释放，而加入H2O2后，RFAs的浓度略有降低。
关键词：办公废纸；气相色谱；脂肪酸；树脂酸；溶解与胶体物质
Release Mechanism of Dissolved and Colloidal Substances (DCS) during Repulping of Mixed Office Wastepaper (MOW)
Zhang Chun-hui1， Qin Meng-hua2 Zhan Huai-yu1 Holmbom B3 Xu Chun-lin3
(1. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640; 2. Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100; 3. Forest Chemistry Lab, ?bo Akademi University, Turku/?bo, Finland)
(E-mail:chunhui008@sina.com)
Abstract: The release mechanism of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) during repulping of mixed office wastepaper (MOW) was investigated using gas chromatography (GC). Results showed that glucose was the predominant sugar unit of the carbohydrate portion. Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide led to an increase of the concentration of sugar units, while the deinking agent did not. The released resin and fatty acids (RFAs) were mainly composed of dehydroabietic acid, hexa-decanoic acid, bis-(ethylhexyl)phthalate, etc. The deinking agent had a large effect on the amount and the composition of RFAs. Sodium hydroxide was of help the release of RFAs. The total amount of RFAs decreased a little after adding hydrogen peroxide.
Key words: MOW; gas chromatography; fatty acid; resin acid; DCS
复合型改性木质素絮凝剂处理抗生素类化学制药废水的研究
刘明华1 杨 林1，2 詹怀宇3
(1.福州大学环境与资源学院，福建福州，350002；2.福建省南纸股份有限公司，福建南平，353000；3.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640)
摘 要：利用有机/无机复合型改性木质素絮凝剂MLF，处理抗生素类化学制药废水，并进行了絮凝条件的优选实验。结果表明，当抗生素制药废水的pH值为6.0，絮凝剂的用量为120 mg/L时，废水中CODCr、SS和色度的去除率分别达到61.2%、96.7%和91.6%。不同类型絮凝剂的对比实验结果表明，MLF处理抗生素类化学制药废水的用量少，絮凝性能明显优于聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、硫酸铝钾（PAS）和硫酸亚铁（FS）等絮凝剂。
关键词：木质素；改性；絮凝剂；制药废水
Treatment of Antibiotics Pharmaceutical Effluent with a Novel Compound Modified Lignin-Based Flocculant
LIU Ming-hua1，* YANG Lin1,2 ZHAN Huai-yu3
(1.College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002; 2.Fujian Nanping Paper Co Ltd, Nanping, Fujian Province，353000; 3.State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640.)
(E-mail: mhliu2000@263.net)
Abstract: The sulfomethylated lignoamine was prepared with masson pine lignosulphate by Mannich reaction and sulfonation reaction. Then the organic-inorganic compound modified lignin-based flocculant could be obtained by further mixing with sodium aluminate solution. The modified lignin-based flocculant was adopted to treat the antibiotics pharmaceutical effluent. The flocculation conditions were optimized. The removal rates of CODCr, SS and colourity of the effluent could reach 61.2%，96.7% and 91.6% respectively under such conditions as effluent pH value 6.0 and flocculant dosage 120 mg/L etc. Moreover, the comparison tests with various flocculants indicated that the flocculation performance of the modified lignin-based flocculant apparently prevailed over such flocculants as polyacrylamide (PAM), polyferric sulfate (PFS), potassium aluminium sulfate (PAS) and ferrous sulfate (FS) etc.
Key words: lignin; modification; sulfomethylated lignoamine; flocculant; pharmaceutical effluent; flocculation
苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸表面施胶剂的合成
黎 珊1 戴红旗2 丁艳兰1
（1.江苏工业学院，江苏常州，213016；2.南京林业大学，江苏南京，210037）
摘 要：采用简单稳定的溶液聚合法合成了苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物（SAA），经氨水中和得到铵盐形式的最终产物。通过实验确定了合适的工艺条件，其重均相对分子质量在3万以上，黏度500 mPa•s以下，得率91.5%以上，符合表面施胶剂的使用要求。并用FT-IR、元素分析等测试方法进行了分析表征。
关键词：苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物；表面施胶剂；分子质量；得率
Preparation of Styrene-Methyl Acrylic Acid Copolymer as Surface-Sizing Agent
LI Shan1， DAI Hong-qi2 DING Yan-lan1
(1. Jiangsu Polytechnic University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213016; 2. Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037)
(E-mail:lis97@em.jpu.edu.cn)
Abstract：In this paper, styrene-methyl acrylic acid copolymer (SAA) was prepared by a simple and stable solution co-polymerization method, and the final product was in the form of ammonium salt after neutralization. The best formula was determined by experiment. The mass average molecular weight of SAA was more than 30,000, the viscosity was below 500 mPa.s, and the yield was above 90%. It met the application requirement of surface sizing agent. The copolymer was analyzed and identified by means of FTIR and elementary analysis.
Key words: styrene-methyl acrylic acid copolymer; surface sizing agent; molecular weight; yield
表面活性剂的协同作用在造纸毛毯洗涤中的应用
张素风1 张安龙1 王志杰1 杨亚亚1 谢宗国2 戴永君2
（1. 陕西科技大学造纸工程学院，陕西省造纸技术及特种纸品开发重点实验室，陕西咸阳, 712081；2. 成都环龙工业用呢有限公司，四川成都，610091）
摘 要：表面活性剂LAS、OP-10、TX-10、AEO-9等对毛毯有一定的洗涤效果。不同表面活性剂混合后会产生协同作用，其CMC值(临界胶团质量分数)和表面张力值均小于各自表面活性剂组分的CMC值和表面张力值，使毛毯的洗涤效果大大增强。研究表明：几种表面活性剂在混合后表面张力最小，协同作用最显著的是LAS与AEO-9比例为1∶4的复配溶液。
关键词：表面活性剂；协同作用；毛毯洗涤
Papermaking Felt Cleaning by Surfactant Synergic Effect
ZHANG Su-feng1, ZHANG An-long1 WANG Zhi-jie1 YANG Ya-ya1 XIE Zong-guo2 DAI Yong-jun2
(1. College of Papermaking Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712081；2.Chengdu Huanlong Industrial Wool Company Ltd, Chengdu, Sichun Province, 610091)
(E-mail:zhangsufeng@sust.edu.cn)
Abstract: Surfactants such as LAS, OP-10, TX-10, AEO-9 have good cleaning effect on the papermaking felt. Synergic effects occurred when different surfactants were mixed, the mixed solution had lower CMC number and surface tension value, which were lower than that of each surfactant components, and it had better cleaning effect. Results showed that the LAS and AEO-9 mixtures at the ratio of 1:4 had minimum surface tension and the best synergic effect.
Key words: surfactant; synergy; papermaking felt washing
分光光度法用于低固含量涂料稳定性能的研究
杨 飞1 陈克复1 赵传山2 杨仁党1
（1.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）（2.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100）
摘 要：介绍了一种新的研究颜料与涂料沉降稳定性能的方法——分光光度法，并采用此方法探讨颜料配比、PVA、淀粉及CMC用量对涂料稳定性的影响。研究表明，采用分光光度法测定低固含量和低黏度涂料的沉降稳定性是可行的；对于低固含量涂料，采用分散好的浆状颜料有利于涂料稳定性的提高，淀粉影响不大，随PVA、CMC用量的增大，涂料稳定性提高。
关键词：分光光度法；沉降稳定性；低固含量；涂料
Spectrophotometric Determination of the Stability of Low Solid Content Coatings
YANG Fei1， CHEN Ke-fu1 ZHAO Chuan-shan2 YANG Ren-dang1
(1. State Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640; 2. Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250100)
(*E-mail: paperyf@sohu.com)
Abstract: This paper introduced spectrophotometry as a new technology to determine the sedimentation stability of coatings. Several factors including the ratio of clay to GCC, the dosage of starch and CMC were studied. The result showed that it was feasible to use the spectrophotometic method to determine the stability of low solid content and low viscosity coatings. With the increase of PVA and CMC dosage, the sedimentation stability of coatings increased. Well dispersed pulp-type pigments had a positive impact on the coating stability, while starch had no obvious effect.
Key words: spectrophotometric method; sedimentary stability; low solid content； coatings
高速纸机长纤维的磨浆策略
景 宜1，2 王仁荣2 吴国泉2
(1.南京林业大学，江苏南京，210037；2.金东纸业(江苏)有限公司，江苏镇江，212132)
摘 要：研究了针叶木经两台串联的、采用不同功率分配的盘磨机磨浆后纤维形态、浆料滤水、成纸性能以及磨浆能耗的变化。结果表明，与采用平均功率分配的磨浆方式相比，采用先低强度磨浆、后高强度磨浆，能增加比齿韧负荷，提高盘磨机磨浆效率，降低磨浆能量消耗。采用45%∶55%功率分配磨浆方式，纤维卷曲和扭结度下降，浆料的滤水速度加快，有利于纸张的内聚力和耐破度提高；裂断长增加不明显。采用55%∶45%和60%∶40%功率分配磨浆方式，纤维长度下降，细小组分含量增加，浆料滤水速度下降，影响到纸机速度和产量。45%∶55%
功率分配磨浆方式能在低能耗情况下达到最佳磨浆效果。
关键词：功率分配；比齿韧负荷；磨浆能耗
Refining Strategy of Long Fibre for High Speed Paper Machine
JING Yi1，2， WANG Ren-rong2 WU Guo-quan2
(1.Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,210037； 2.Goldeastpaper(Jiangsu)Co Ltd, Zhenjiang， Jiangsu Province,212132)
(E-mail:jingyirdd@goldeastpaper.com.cn)
Abstract: Double disc refiners in series adopted different power distribution in the high speed machine refining system was studied. Fiber morphology, dewatering rate, paper property and refining energy were researched after softwood long fibers were refined by the refiners. Compared with the average power distribution, low intensity refining at first, and then following by high intensity refining at the second refiner could increase SEL (specific edge load), improve the refining effect and decrease energy consumption. If power distribution proportion was 55% to 45% or 60% to 40% in first stage and second stage refiners respectively, it could reduce fiber length and dewatering rate both were to the disadvantage of paper machine speed and output. If power distribution proportion was 45% to 55%, the optimum refining effect could be achieved. Dewatering rate and bursting strength could be improved, but tensile strength could not be increased apparently.
Key words: power distribution; specific edge load; refining energy
大型造纸机振动的三维有限元分析
蒯行成 李美林 潘成筋
（湖南大学，湖南长沙，410082）
摘 要：以大型造纸机为研究对象，采用土-结构动力相互作用分析的子结构方法，建立包括地基、基础以及机器的三维有限元模型，对机器基础系统进行动力分析。介绍并讨论动力分析的基本理论、模型建立以及结果处理方面的若干问题。
关键词：基础振动；有限元分析；造纸机动力分析
3-D Finite Element Analysis on Giant Paper Machine Vibration
KUAI Xing-cheng LI Mei-lin PAN Cheng-jin
(Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hu’nan University, Changsha, Hu''nan Province, 410082 )
(E-mail: xckuai@163.com)
Abstract: The investigation object of this paper is giant paper machines. Using the sub-structure method, which is used in the analysis of dynamic soil-structure interaction, the three dimensional finite element model including the subgrade, the foundation and the machine frame is established for the dynamic analysis of the system. Some issues concerning the fundamental theory of dynamic analysis, the modeling and the result processing are presented and discussed.
Key words: vibration of foundation; finite element analysis; dynamic analysis of paper machine
基于卡尔曼预测器的纸张水分和定量预测控制
周 强 韩九强
（西安交通大学电信学院自动控制研究所，陕西西安， 710049）
摘 要：针对造纸生产线上纸张定量水分控制系统存在的大惯性、大时滞及强耦合问题，提出了一种控制方法。使用静态解耦的办法使得系统分解成为水分和定量两个独立的控制回路，将卡尔曼预测器引入控制回路，利用卡尔曼预测器进行水分、定量值及其控制输出量的最优预测估计，用以抑制大惯性、大时滞环节对生产过程造成的影响。生产实践及仿真对比结果表明控制效果良好。
关键词：大时滞环节；大惯性过程；静态解耦；卡尔曼预测滤波器
Basis Weight and Moisture Prediction Control System Based on Kalman Prediction Filter
ZHOU Qiang HAN Jiu-qiang
(School of Electronic and Information, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, Shannxi Province, 710049)
(E-mail:xjtzhou@126.com)
Abstract: Considering the problem of long time delay, great inertia and close coupling of basis weight and moisture control system in papermaking process, a new controller is introduced. The control system is separated into independent basis weight and moisture control circuits, by using static decoupling technology and combining with Kalman prediction filter and PID (PI) controller to make optimal estimation of basis weight and moisture of paper in order to get rid of retarded action of long time delay and great inertia link. The better control effect is obtained.
Key words: long time delay link; great inertia link; static decoupling; Kalman prediction filter
夹点技术及其在制浆造纸企业中的应用
洪义梅 陈克复 于冬梅 杨仁党
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510641）
摘 要：论述了广泛应用于过程工业节能的夹点技术的起源、发展、基本原理和在制浆造纸企业中的应用，并且阐述了夹点技术的具体应用方法和步骤，展示了能量系统集成在制浆造纸企业中节能降耗的重要作用。
关键词：夹点技术；制浆造纸企业；能量系统；能量优化
Pinch Technology and Its Application in Pulp and Paper Mill
HONG Yi-mei CHEN Ke-fu YU Dong-mei YANG Ren-dang
（State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640）
(E-mail:hym1125@sohu.com)
Abstract: This paper introduced the origin, development, basic principle and the application in pulp and paper mill of pinch technology, which had been widely applied in process industries for energy conservation. This paper also elucidated the method and step of pinch technology application, and showed the significant role of the integration of the process energy systems in energy savings of pulp and paper industry.
Key words: pinch technology; pulp and paper mill; energy system; energy optimization
重金属离子在碱性H2O2溶液中的存在形态及其对H2O2的催化分解作用
于冬梅1 陈克复1 赵传山2 杨仁党1 洪义梅1
(1. 华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640；2. 山东轻工业学院轻化与环境工程学院，山东济南，250100)
摘 要：Fe2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Mn2+离子在碱性H2O2漂白体系中随pH值的变化会改变存在形态，对H2O2的催化活性也会随着形态的改变而有所不同。文章主要介绍了这4种重金属离子在不同pH值条件下的不同形态及其对H2O2的分解催化活性和最佳稳定剂的使用。
关键词：碱性H2O2漂白；重金属离子；存在形态；H2O2分解；稳定剂
State of Metal in Alkaline Peroxide Solution and Its Influence on the Decomposition of Peroxide
YU Dong-mei1， CHEN Ke-fu1 ZHAO Chuan-shan2 YANG Ren-dang1 HONG Yi-mei1
(1.State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640；2.Shangdong Institute of Light Industry,Ji’nan,Shangdong Province,250100)
(E-mail:yudongmei197@163.com)
Abstract: The state of Fe，Cu，Mn in alkaline peroxide solution changes with pH value of the alkaline peroxide system, their catalytic effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide also changes with the changing of their states. In this paper, the different states of the three ions in different pH, their corresponding catalytic effects on the decomposition of peroxide and the optimal dosage of stabilizers used are introduced.
Key words: alkaline peroxide bleaching; metal; state; peroxide decomposition; stabilizer
纸浆漂白用木聚糖酶选择性合成的研究现状
毛连山 余世袁
（南京林业大学化学工程学院，江苏南京，210037）
摘 要：对纸浆漂白用木聚糖酶选择性合成的研究现状进行了较全面的总结和评述。系统地介绍了木聚糖酶的酶源和木聚糖酶的多样性以及碳源、培养温度、pH值和碳氮比等培养条件对合成木聚糖酶和纤维素酶的影响，提出了调控这些培养条件选择性合成低纤维素酶活的木聚糖酶，以使木聚糖酶更好地在纸浆漂白中应用。
关键词：木聚糖酶；纤维素酶；选择性合成；纸浆漂白
Present Situation of Research on Selective Synthesis of Xylanases for Pulp Biobleaching
MAO Lian-shan YU Shi-yuan
(College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037)
(E-mail: maolianshan@njfu.com.cn)
Abstract: The present situation of research on selective synthesis of xylanases for pulp biobleaching was reviewed in detail. The enzyme source of xylanase, multiplicity of xylanase, and the effect of cultivation condition such as carbon source, cultivation temperature, pH value and ratio of carbon to nitrogen on the synthesis of xylanases and cellulase were systematically discussed. In order to use the xylanases in pulp biobleaching effectively, carefully control of these cultivation conditions for the synthesis cellulase-poor xylanases was recommended.
Key words: xylanases; cellulase; selective synthesis; pulp biobleaching
果胶酶及其在制浆造纸上的应用
白延坤 刘秉钺 何连芳
（大连轻工业学院，辽宁大连，116034）
摘 要：综述了果胶酶在制浆造纸上应用的研究进展，从果胶酶系的分类和脱胶机理的角度出发，介绍了果胶酶及其相关微生物在韧皮纤维原料酶法和发酵浸渍法制浆中的作用条件和作用效果，着重介绍了果胶酶在湿部化学上降低阳离子需求量的作用，同时讨论了外界因子对其提高细小纤维和填料留着率效果的影响，并指出果胶酶对纸浆物理性能的影响。
关键词：果胶酶；韧皮纤维；生物制浆；阳离子需求量
Pectinase and Its Applications in Pulp and Paper Industry
BAI Yan-kun LIU Bing-yue HE Lian-fang
(Dalian Institute of Light Industry, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116034)
(E-mail:baiyankuan@126.com)
Abstract: The application of pectinase in pulp and paper industry are reviewed in this paper. According to the classification of pectinase and its action mechanism, the process conditions and effect of pectinase on bio-pulping of bast fiber material are introduce. Pectinase reduces the cationic demand in wet end chemistry is emphasized, the influence of external factors on the improvement of the retention of fines and fillers is also discussed, furthermore, the influence of pectinase on pulp physical properties is illustrated.
Key words: pectinase; bast fiber; bio-pulping; cationic demand
(责任编辑：梁 川)
造纸过程中胶体树脂特性的模拟研究和评价方法
石海强 何北海
（华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：介绍了造纸过程中胶体树脂在研究中的模拟与制备方法，以及研究分析的角度和评价方法，并对其在研究中对胶体树脂沉积的评价效果进行简要的介绍。
关键词：胶体树脂；模拟方法；树脂沉积；评价方法
Simulation and Research Method of Colloidal Pitch in Papermaking Process
SHI Hai-qiang HE Bei-hai
（State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640）
(E-mail: shqnet95@126.com)
Abstract: The simulation and preparation method of colloidal pitch which appears in papermaking process under laboratorial condition was briefly introduced. The analytical means and evaluation method in the research was also introduced.
Key words: colloidal pitch; simulation method; pitch deposition; evaluation method
合成胶乳性能剖析及在纸张涂布时的黏结机理
杨仁党 陈克复 陈奇峰 杨 飞
(华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：胶乳胶黏剂是纸张涂料的重要组成部分。胶乳的物化性能对涂布纸的适印性和印刷质量影响很大。本文剖析了合成胶乳的主要性能特征，讨论了胶乳特性与涂布纸质量的相关性；阐述了胶乳胶黏剂在纸张颜料悬浮液中与颜料粒子的相互作用及黏结机理，并分析了在涂布的不同阶段，乳胶微粒移动的不同方式。
关键词：合成胶乳；性能剖析；颜料；黏结机理
Properties Analysis of Synthetic Latex and Its Cohesion Mechanism in Paper Coating
YANG Ren-dang CHEN Ke-fu CHEN Qi-feng YANG Fei
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(E-mail:rdyang@scut.edu.cn)
Abstract: Latex binder is one of the important components of paper coating color. The properties of latex are the most influential factor on printability and print quality of coated paper. The objective of the study is to analyze the main characteristics of synthetic latex, and investigate the correlation between latex properties and coated paper quality. Meanwhile, the interaction of latex particulates and pigment particles and the cohesion mechanism of latex in the coating color are discussed in detail, and the motion of latex particulates in the coating color is also explored.
Key words: synthetic latex; properties analysis; pigment; cohesion mechanism;
过渡金属-TiO2介孔复合材料的制备及其在造纸中的应用
孟庆海 周国伟 林会亮
（山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100）
摘 要：综述了介孔TiO2及过渡金属-TiO2介孔复合材料的制备方法，掺杂不同金属离子对介孔TiO2反应活性的影响，以及在制浆造纸废水处理等方面的研究进展。
关键词：TiO2；过渡金属；介孔材料；制浆造纸
Preparation of Transition Metal-Titanium Dioxide Mesoporous Complex Materials and Its Application in Pulp and Papermaking
MENG Qing-hai ZHOU Guo-wei LIN Hui-liang
(Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100)
(E-mail: qinghaimeng2005@126.com)
Abstract: Mesoporous materials with pore size between 2～50 nm, have high specific surface areas, narrow pore size distributions and well-regulated pore structure. The preparation methods of mesoporous titanium dioxide and metal ions-doping titanium are introduced, the influence of various metal ions on the photocatalytic activity is discussed, and the progress in treatment of pulp and papermaking effluent is also reviewed.
Key words: titanium; transition metal; mesoporous materials; pulp and papermaking |
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