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芒秆皮层的SEM-EDXA研究（Ⅰ）
邱玉桂1 蔡联生1 王书义2
1.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640；2.河南省驻马店第一造纸厂，河南驻马店，463000）
摘 要：用SEM-EDXA法研究芒秆茎部皮层的形态、超微结构及矿质元素分布。结果表明，芒茎皮层外表面由纵向的条纹区和非条纹区交替排列而成；皮层纵切面中存在多孔结构及具层状细胞壁的横向管孔；皮层中存在不同结晶形态的Si化合物。芒茎皮层的形态及超微结构明显与甘蔗、麦草等的茎部皮层不同。芒茎皮层主要含C、O、Si、K等元素，Si元素含量高于50％，C元素含量低于4.0％；皮层中部的Si元素含量最高，外部及内部的Si元素含量稍低；皮下纤维及芒茎内部组织结构中的Si元素含量均为0.00％。皮层中的Si化合物主要是无机物。
关键词：芒茎皮层；SEM-EDXA法；形态；超微结构；矿质元素；硅化物
Study on the Cuticle of Miscanthus Stem by Means of SEM-EDXA (part Ⅰ)
QIU Yu-gui1，* Cai Lian-sheng1 WANG Shu-yi2
(1.State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640，2.Zhumadian Paper Mill. Zhumadian,He’nan Province,463000)
(*E-mail:lcygqiu@scut.edu.cn)
Abstract: The morphologies and ultra-structure of the cuticle of Miscanthus stem and the distribution of mineral elements in it were studied by means of SEM-EDXA. The results showed that the outer-surface of the stem cuticle consists of two different regions alternatively, one with longitudinally parallel strips, and the other with non-strip. The longitudinal sections are porous and there are some transversally tubular porosities with laminated cell wall. The silicides in the stem cuticle have different forms of crystalline. The morphologies and ultra-structure of the cuticle of Miscanthus stem are obviously distinct from that of sugarcane and wheat stem. The cuticle mainly contains four chemical elements, i.e. C,O, Si and K, the Si content is more than fifty percent, the C content is less than four percent. The Si content in the middle-part of the cuticle is the highest, and that in outer or inner-part of the cuticle is slightly lower. The Si content in the fiber underneath the epidermis or in the inner organs of the stem is 0.00%. It is obvious that the Si element plays a key role in the Miscanthus stem cuticle, and most of silicides in the cuticle will be inorganic in nature. It is to effectively remove the Miscanthus stem cuticle for the substantially decreasing the silicon in black liquor of alkaline Miscanthus pulping.
Key words: cuticle of Miscanthus stem; SEM-EDXA; morphology; ultra-structure; mineral element; silicide
（责任编辑：常青）
芒秆皮层的SEM-EDXA研究（Ⅱ）
蔡联生1 邱玉桂1 王书义2
（1.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640；2.河南省驻马店第一造纸厂，河南驻马店，463000）
摘 要：用SEM-EDXA法研究芒秆叶鞘皮层的形态、超微结构及Si等矿质元素的分布。结果表明，叶鞘外表面皮层由颗粒物纵向规则排列区域和分散分布区域交替排列而成；每个颗粒物组由两个相对的“肾型”颗粒物纵向排列而成。与外表面皮层两种形态区域对应，皮层横切面由致密区域和疏松区域交替排列而成；致密区域的厚度大且质地较均一，Si元素的含量低，其内部主要是维管束组织；疏松区域的厚度小，Si元素的含量高，其内部则主要是近乎圆形的空腔。叶鞘皮层主要含C、O、Si、Cl、K、Ca等元素，C元素的含量低；外表面皮层的Si含量约为50％，内表面皮层的Si元素含量仅4％左右；叶鞘外表面皮层中的Si化合物主要是无机物。
关键词：芒秆叶鞘皮层；形态；超微结构；矿质元素；硅化物
Study on the Cuticle of Miscanthus Stem by Means of SEM-EDXA (part Ⅱ)
CAI Lian-sheng1，* QIU Yu-gui1 WANG Shu-yi2
(1.State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 5106402.Zhumadian Paper Mill,Zhumadian,He’nan Province,463000)
(*E-mail:lshcai1979@163.com)
Abstract: The morphologies, ultra-structure of the cuticle of Miscanthus leaf sheath and the distribution of mineral elements in the cuticle were studied by means of SEM-EDXA. The results showed that the outer-surface of the cuticle consists of two regions alternatively, the regular and dispersive distribution of the granules. Each group of the granules is made of two opposite kidney-like granules arranged longitudinally. In correspondence with two different shapes of the outer-surface cuticle, the transverse sections of the outer-surface cuticle consist of two zones by turns, i.e. the thick, homogeneous one with lower silicon content, and the thin, loose one with higher content of silicon. The inner organ of the former zone is mainly the bundle tissue, the key organ of the vein. However, there is a big circular hole in the later zone. The cuticle of Miscanthus leaf sheath contains five major elements, i.e. C, O, Si, K and Ca, the silicon content in outer-surface cuticle is up to 50%, but that in inner-surface cuticle is about 4%. Most of silicides in afore mentioned cuticle are inorganic silicides.
Key words: the cuticle of Miscanthus leaf sheath; morphology; ultra-structure; mineral element; inorganic silicide
（责任编辑：常青）
光叶楮杆芯的化学成分、组织结构和细胞形态
雷晓春1,2 陈嘉川1 林 鹿2 杨桂花1 李昭成1
（1.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100；2.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640） 摘 要：光叶楮杆芯化学成分、组织结构和细胞形态的研究表明：它具有阔叶木的一些特点，同时又具有非木材纤维原料的一些特征。与三倍体毛白杨等一般的造纸用阔叶材和麦草相比，光叶楮杆芯抽出物及戊聚糖含量较高，细小组分含量也较高。光叶楮木质部为散孔材，纤维长宽比小，粗度大；杆芯由导管（单孔、两孔和三孔组成）、木纤维、木射线薄壁细胞（两列或三列排列）和髓芯薄壁细胞组成。
关键词：光叶楮；化学组分；组织结构；细胞形态
Chemical Composition, Tissue Structure and Cell Morphology of Debarked Guangyechu
LEI Xiao-chun,2，* CHEN Jia-chuan1 LIN Lu2 YANG Gui-hua1 LI Zhao-cheng1
(1. Shandong Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100; 2. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology， Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail: paperlxc@sohu.com)
Abstract: The study of chemical composition, tissue structure and cell morphology of debarked Guangyechu indicates that it has the characteristics of hardwood species and non-wood materials. The contents of extractives in coldwater, boiledwater, 1%NaOH and polysaccharide are all higher than the common hardwood as well as wheat straw materials using for pulping purpose. The fibers of its xylem are end-tapering and bosom-bulky, with characteristics of thin cell wall. In addition, large lumen and relatively small ratio of length to width of the fiber are observed in our experimental work. There are several kinds of cells in the xylem, including vessels, wood fiber, ray parenchyma and pith parenchyma. The xylem of Guangyechu is diffusely porus. There are three kinds of vessels with one-hole, two-hole and three-hole, which are as the same of triploid populus tomentosa and common hard wood. The ray parenchyma of xylem of Guangyechu is presented as multiple arrays with high tightness, which is different from that of triploid populus tomentosa. It is also found that there is a large content of wood-ray parenchyma in the xylem of Guangyechu.
Key words: Guangyechu; chemical composition; tissue structure; cell morphology
（责任编辑：关颖）
光叶楮杆芯APMP制浆过程中化学成分的变化
雷晓春1,2 陈嘉川1 林 鹿2 杨桂花1 李昭成1
(1.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100；2.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640)
摘 要：对光叶楮杆芯APMP制浆过程中化学成分变化的研究表明：用光叶楮杆芯制APMP浆料，在热水预处理后得率下降高达5个百分点，这与光叶楮杆芯水溶液抽出物含量高有关。热水预处理阶段得率的降低是由于部分苯-醇抽出物、1%NaOH抽出物和水抽出物及少量低分子戊聚糖的溶出造成的；在化学处理阶段和磨浆过程中得率的降低主要是碱性条件下，1%NaOH抽出物、戊聚糖和木素部分溶出的结果。含量高的水抽出物、1%NaOH抽出物、戊聚糖以及洗涤过程中薄壁细胞和细小纤维的流失，是导致光叶楮杆芯APMP浆料得率偏低的原因。
关键词：光叶楮；APMP；化学成分
Chemical Composition Analysis during APMP Process of Debarked Guangyechu
LEI Xiao-chun1,2，* CHEN Jia-chuan1 LIN Lu2 YANG Gui-hua1 LI Zhao-cheng1
(1. Shandong Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100;2. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail: paperlxc@sohu.com)
Abstract: Chemical composition analysis during APMP process of debarked Guangyechu indicated that the yield of the pulp decreased rapidly even to 95% after hotwater pretreatment was due to its higher content of extractives compared with populus tomentosa, including coldwater, hotwater extractives, benzene-ethanol and
1%NaOH extractives, and also due to the degradation of a small amount of the low molecular height pentosan. The pulp yield further decreased in chemical treatment stage and refining process was ascribed to the dissolve of part of the 1% NaOH extractives, pentosan and lignin under alkaline condition. In addition, the removal of parenchyma tissue and finess during the washing also led to lower yield
Key words: Guangyechu; APMP; chemical composition
(责任编辑：关颖)
竹纤维增强聚酰胺树脂复合材料增强机理研究
李正红1 陈礼辉1 黄祖泰1 詹怀宇2
（1.福建农林大学永福高新技术研究所，福建福州，350002; 2.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510641）
摘 要：用扫描电子显微镜测试竹纤维增强聚酰胺树脂复合材料的微观形态，用红外光谱分析了竹纤维增强聚酰胺树脂复合材料界面改性及其化学键结合机理。在两相界面内，羧化聚醚会同时与纤维和聚酰胺树脂发生化学键和氢键结合，起着偶联作用，从而提高两相界面的结合强度，达到复合材料增强的目的。通过扫描电子显微镜观察分析，结果显示羧化聚醚进行界面改性处理的纤维与聚酰胺树脂共混复合材料在低温脆断后，纤维外形不清晰，界面较模糊，纤维与聚酰胺树脂之间产生了良好的界面粘合作用。
关键词：竹纤维；聚酰胺树脂；复合材料；界面改性
Reinforcing Mechanical of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polyamide Resin Composite
LI Zheng-hong1，* CHEN Li-hui1 HUANG Zu-tai1 ZHAN Huai-yu2
(1. Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002; 2. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510641)
(*E-mail: fjlizh@126.com)
Abstract: The micro structure, the modification of interface and chemical bonding mechanism of high yield pulp reinforced polyamide resin composite were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy. Because carboxylic polyether had chemical bonding and hydrogen bonding with fiber and polyamide resin in the interface of the composite, which played a coupling role, connection intensity in interface and strength of this composite could be improved. Through observation and analysis of SEM, it was showed that both the outline of fiber in cross section and the interface were not clear when plant fiber mixed polyamide resin composite that was modified by carboxylic polyether was fractured under low temperature condition. It indicated the good interface connection between the fiber and polyamide resin.
Key words:bamboo fiber; polyamide resin; composite; modifying of interface
(责任编辑：赵旸宇)
PBO纤维化学法表面改性的研究
黄友河 詹怀宇 周雪松 胡 健 王习文
(华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：采用表面蚀刻结合润胀的化学方法对PBO纤维进行表面改性，利用扫描电镜和比表面积测定仪研究了该方法对PBO纤维表面形态的影响。研究结果表明，PBO纤维经质量分数1.0%的蚀刻液S处理3min能得到较好的蚀刻效果；蚀刻后的PBO纤维再经润胀剂K润胀、物理剪切后，纤维表面变得粗糙且形成分丝结构，纤维比表面积得到很大提高，从0.73 m2/g增大到10.88 m2/g。粗糙程度的增加和纤维之间接触界面的增大，增强了纸页中PBO纤维之间的物理交织。
关键词：PBO纤维；化学法表面改性；SEM；比表面积
Chemical Modification of the Surface of PBO Fibers
HUANG You-he* ZHAN Huai-yu ZHOU Xue-song HU Jian WANG Xi-wen
(State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail:helli.h@163.com)
Abstract: The methods of chemical surface modification, consist of etching and swelling, were used to modify the surface of PBO fibers in this paper. The modified PBO fibers were characterized through scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and BET. The influence of treating time and treating temperature of the surface treatments with chemical reagents on the morphology of PBO Fibers was studied. The results showed that the optimal effect of etching could be obtained by using 1.0% etching solution S for three minutes, the smooth skins of the PBO fibers were peeled off and exfoliated along the core. The surface morphology of the fibers changed greatly after swelling with the swelling agent K solution and beating. The surface of PBO fibers became rough and with microfibril structure. Meanwhile, the specific surface area of PBO fibers increased greatly, from the original 0.73 m2/g increased to 10.88m2/g. It demonstrated that the increase of the roughness and the interfacial areas between fibers would enhance the strength of interlacement.
Key words: PBO fiber; chemical surface modifications; SEM; specific surface area
（责任编辑：王岩）
蒸汽爆破蔗渣浆的微观研究
杨崎峰 王双飞 黄崇杏 宋海农 封方凯
（广西大学造纸科学研究所，广西南宁，530004)
摘 要：利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、紫外光谱和红外光谱等现代分析技术，对蔗渣爆破法制浆进行了微观研究。研究结果表明，蒸汽爆破后纤维、细胞壁S1和S2层受到不同程度的破坏，使纤维素的相对结晶度增大，而绝对结晶度下降。爆破浆洗涤液的紫外光谱图中，在280 nm处出现了明显的吸收峰，可推断爆破法制浆过程使木素发生了降解。另外，红外光谱图分析表明，爆破处理只是使蔗渣纤维的部分吸收峰的强度发生变化，主体化学结构没有明显变化。
关键词：蔗渣浆；蒸汽爆破；微观研究
Micro-Level Study of Explosion Pulp of Bagasse
YANG Qi-feng WANG Shuang-fei* HUANG Chong-xing Song Hai-nong FENG Fang-kai
(Pulp & Paper Institute of Guangxi University, Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004)
(*E-mail：wangsf@gxu.edu.cn)
Abstract: In this paper, the advanced analytic techniques including SEM, X-ray diffraction spectrum, UV spectrum and IR spectrum were applied to investigate the explosion pulp on a micro-level. The results showed that explosion treatment caused many breakage of fibber as well as S1 and S2 of the wall cell. The relative crystallinity of cellulose treated by explosion increased, while the absolute crystallinity decreased. There was a strong peak in wavelength of 280nm of UV spectrum when the washing effluent was analyzed and this data illustrated that the lignin was destroyed in explosion treatment. In addition, the IR spectrum analysis showed that explosion treatment only changed the intensity of the absorption peak partially while the main chemical structure of lignin had not changed yet.
Key words: bagasse pulp; steam-explosion; micro-level study
(责任编辑：房宝伦)
麦草碱法化学机械浆纤维特性研究
葛培锦1，2 赵 建2，* 陈嘉川1 曲音波2 尤纪雪3
（1.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科， 山东济南，250100； 2.山东大学微生物技术国家重点实验室，山东济南，250100； 3.南京林业大学化学工程学院，江苏南京，210037）
摘 要：用纸浆纤维筛分仪、FQA-纤维特性分析仪和扫描电子显微镜对不同预处理条件的麦草碱法化学机械浆的纤维特性进行了研究。结果表明，麦草碱法化学机械浆含有较多的P102/R203和P203组分，是其具有较高机械强度的原因，而木聚糖酶预处理可以进一步增加这部分纤维的含量，更有利于纤维的解离和提高纤维的柔软度，改善纸浆的物理性能。
关键词：麦草；化学机械浆；筛分；纤维特性；
Fiber Character of Wheat Straw Soda-Mechanical Pulp
GE Pei-jin1,2 ZHAO Jian2， CHEN Jia-chuan1 QU Yin-bo2 YOU Ji-xue3
(1. Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province,250100; 2. State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100; 3. College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037)
(*E-mail:zhaojian@sdu.edn.cn)
Abstract: wheat straw soda-mechanical pulp, hot water pretreatment-soda mechanical pulp of wheat straw, xylanase pretreatment-soda mechanical pulp of wheat straw and hot water + xylanase pretreatment-soda mechanical pulp of wheat straw were studied by a Bauer-McNett fractionater, a fiber quality analyzer and a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that R203、P203 fractionation of wheat straw soda-mechanical pulp accounted for more than 50% and the S2 layer of the fiber was fibrillated in some degree, it is the reason of higher physical strength of the wheat straw Soda-mechanical pulp. Pretreatment with hot water and xylanase prior to soda treatment improves fiber property and increases physical strength of soda-mechanical pulp.
Key words: wheat straw; chemi-mechanical pulp; fractionation; fiber property
（责任编辑：梁川）
新疆博斯腾湖芦苇特性及其APMP制浆研究
唐艳军1 刘秉钺2 李友明1 杨汝男2 张学铭1
（1.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640；2.大连轻工业学院，辽宁大连，116034）
摘 要：测定了新疆博斯腾湖芦苇的纤维形态和化学组成，发现其纤维平均长度大于其他产地的芦苇，综纤维素含量高，1％NaOH抽出物和戊聚糖含量低。探讨了NaOH用量、H2O2用量、挤压预处理及磨浆过程对新疆博斯腾湖芦苇APMP浆料性能的影响，优选出芦苇APMP制浆的适宜预处理工艺条件。结果表明，经过两段碱性过氧化氢预处理，然后磨浆至打浆度64°SR时，可制得白度57.8％ISO、裂断长2.82km、撕裂指数3.7 mN•m2/g的芦苇APMP。
关键词：芦苇；化学组成；纤维形态；APMP
Characteristics of the Reed from Bosten Lake of Xinjiang Autonomous and APMP Pulping of the Reed
TANG Yan-jun1，* LIU Bing-yue2 LI You-ming1 YANG Ru-nan2 ZHANG Xue-ming1
(1.State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640; 2. Dalian Institute of Light Industry, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116034)
(*E-mail:www-tang@163.com)
Abstract: The fiber morphology of the reed from Bosten Lake of Xinjiang Autonomous Area was investigated in the paper, the main chemical compositions were determined. The results showed that the average fiber length of reed of Bosten Lake is longer than that of other samples from other areas. In addition, the reed used in this study has the characteristics of higher cellulose content and less ash content, less 1％NaOH extractives content and less pentosan content. The influences of alkaline peroxide impregnation on pulping properties and chemical composition of the reed were discussed. APMP experimental results showed that the reed APMP with brightness 57.8%ISO, breaking length 2.82km and tear index 3.7mN•m2/g can be obtained after two-stage alkaline peroxide pretreatment.
Key words: reed; chemical composition; fiber morphology; APMP
（责任编辑：张桂兰）
三倍体毛白杨低硬度NaOH-AQ浆的氧脱木素研究
吉兴香 陈嘉川 杨桂花
（山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100）
摘 要：对三倍体毛白杨低硬度NaOH-AQ浆氧脱木素进行了研究，通过实验分析了各影响因素（用碱量、温度、时间、氧压及助剂用量）对三倍体毛白杨低硬度NaOH-AQ浆氧脱木素后的卡伯值、黏度、白度以及木素的脱除情况等的影响，确定了该浆种氧脱木素较适宜的工艺条件。
关键词：三倍体毛白杨；NaOH-AQ浆；氧脱木素
Oxygen Delignification of Low Kappa Number NaOH-AQ Pulp of Triploid of Populus Tomentosa
JI Xing-xiang* CHEN Jia-chuan YANG Gui-hua
(Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100 )
(*E-mail:xxjt78@163.com)
Abstract: Oxygen delignification of Low Kappa Number Soda-AQ pulp of triploid of populus tomentosa was studied. The influence of the factors including NaOH dosage, temperature, oxygen pressure, retention time and dosage of MgSO4 etc on the kappa number, viscosity, and brightness of the delignified pulp was analyzed. And the better process condition of oxygen delignification was decided by the experiment.
Key words: the triploid of populus tomentosa; soda-AQ pulp with lower-kappa; oxygen delignification
（责任编辑：马忻）
三倍体毛白杨KP和EMCC蒸煮及TCF漂白过程中木素分子质量的变化
刘 玉1,2,3 詹怀宇1 陈嘉川2 Dimitris Argyropoulos3
(1.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640；2. 山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100；3.美国北卡罗来纳州立大学木材与造纸科学系， 罗利，NC 27695-8005, USA)
摘 要：以三倍体毛白杨为研究对象，进行了常规和深度脱木素蒸煮，并对纸浆进行OQP漂序的全无氯漂白。分别从原料、KP纸浆、EMCC纸浆、以及其氧脱木素后的半漂浆和全漂浆中分离出原料木素和纸浆残余木素。木素分离采用酶-弱酸解的两段法。采用酸析法从蒸煮黑液中分离出溶出木素样品，经过弱酸水解得到纯的木素试样。通过凝胶渗透色谱（GPC），对所有试样分别进行了分子质量的检测，得出各种木素样品的分子质量及其分布，分析了木素溶出过程中分子质量的变化，并且对KP和EMCC两种纸浆中残余木素的平均分子质量、黑液中溶出木素的平均分子质量进行了对比。
关键词：木素分子质量；三倍体毛白杨；KP；EMCC；OQP漂白
Changes of Lignin Molecular Weight of Triploid of Populous Tomentosa during KP, EMCC Cooking and TCF Bleaching
LIU Yu1,2,3，* ZHAN Huai-yu1 CHEN Jia-chuan2 Dimitris Argyropoulos3
(1.State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640; 2.Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Lig ht Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100; 3. Wood and Paper Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27695-8005, USA）
(*E-mail:Leoliuyu@163.com)
Abstract: The fast-growing hardwood-Triploid of Polulus Tomentosa was used as the raw material in this research. Conventional Kraft pulping and EMCC cooking, OQP bleaching were carried out. Different lignin samples were isolated from the raw material, KP and EMCC pulps and their oxygen-delignified and bleached pulps respectively. The two stage method of Argyropoulos was chosen as the isolation method for the residual lignin preparation. The acid-precipitating method was use for the dissolved lignin isolation from the black liquor and the crude lignin was purified by mild-acidic hydrolysis. All of the lignin samples tested throughGPC, and the changes of molecular weight of the lignins in the KP and EMCC pulps were studied and compared.
Key words: lignin molecular weigh; the triploid of Polulus Tomentosa; KP; EMCC; OQP bleaching
（责任编辑：孙秋菊）
木聚糖酶处理对NaOH-AQ麦草浆HD漂白的影响
李海龙1 陈嘉川1 杨桂花1 韩威华2
（1.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100；2. 苏柯汉（潍坊）生物工程有限公司，山东潍坊，261000）
摘 要：探讨了木聚糖酶处理对NaOH-AQ麦草浆HD漂白的影响。结果表明， AU-PE89木聚糖酶处理可以有效改善NaOH-AQ麦草浆HD漂白效果，在本实验条件下，当酶用量为7.5 U/g时，漂白效果最理想，白度增值为3.3%ISO；同时，AU-PE89木聚糖酶处理还可以降低HD漂白废液的CODCr，减少漂白污染。通过扫描电镜观察发现，经木聚糖酶处理后纸浆的纤维结构变得更疏松，纤维更加润胀柔软。
关键词：木聚糖酶；HD漂白；麦草浆；扫描电镜
Effects of Xylanase Treatment on HD Bleaching of NaOH-AQ Wheat Straw Pulp
LI Hai-long1,* CHEN Jia-chuan1 YANG Gui-hua1 HAN Wei-hua2
（1. Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province,250100; 2. S.K.H. Bioengineering Co Ltd, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261000）
(*E-mail:lihailong1979@163.com)
Abstract: The effects of xylanase treatment on HD bleaching of NaOH-AQ wheat straw pulp was investigated. It was found that xylanase AU-PE89 treatment could improve HD bleaching efficiency of the NaOH-AQ wheat straw pulp. The bleaching effect was optimal and brightness gain of 3.3%ISO was obtained when the dosage of xylanase was 7.5U/g. Xylanase AU-PE89 treatment could also decrease the CODCr of HD bleaching effluent, thus reduce bleaching pollution. Based on the analysis of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), it was found that the xylanase treatment could improve the fibers swelling and softening, and make the fiber structure looser than the control sample.
Key words: xylanase; HD bleaching; wheat straw pulp; SEM
（责任编辑：李大力）
漆酶用于硫酸盐竹浆TCF漂白的研究
刘梦茹1 付时雨1，* 詹怀宇1 闵江马2 何北海1
（1. 华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640；2. 中国科学院广州化学研究所，广东广州，510650）
摘 要：利用3种漆酶或漆酶/介体系统处理硫酸盐竹浆，并进行TCF漂白。结果显示，与传统的CEH漂白相比，硫酸盐竹浆进行包括漆酶/介体系统处理的OLQP漂白，在达到相近白度情况下，纸浆强度损失小；3种不同漆酶在HBT存在下的TCF漂白浆比CEH漂白浆黏度高43.3%～56.2%；从白腐菌HG产生的漆酶在HBT存在下处理硫酸盐竹浆，经OLQP漂白后，浆的白度可达80.7%ISO，黏度在800 mL/g以上。在没有外加介体的情况下，该漆酶处理纸浆仍具有较好的脱木素效果，经OL0QP(L0，无外加介体)漂白后，纸浆白度可达76.7% ISO，比OQP漂后的浆白度提高了23.2 %ISO。
关键词：漆酶；漆酶/介体系统（LMS）；硫酸盐竹浆；TCF漂白
Utilization of Laccase in TCF Bleaching of Kraft Bamboo Pulp
LIU Meng-ru1 FU Shi-yu1，* ZHAN Huai-yu1 MIN Jiang-ma2 HE Bei-hai１
(1.State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640;2.Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Science,Guangzhou,Guangdong Province,510650)
(*E-mail:shyfu@scut.edu.cn)
Abstract: The kraft bamboo pulp was treated with three laccases alone or those laccases combined with BT (1-hydroxybenzotriazole), subsequently bleached with QP sequence. The results showed that the viscosity loss is less for the pulp bleached with OLQP sequence compared with the pulp bleached with CEH sequence when the pulps are bleached to the same brightness. In general, the viscosity of the pulp bleached with OLQP is 43.3～56.2% higher than that bleached with CEH when the brightness of the pulps are the same. The oxygen delignified kraft bamboo pulp treated with the laccase from a white rot fungus HG in the presence of HBT can be bleached with QP to brightness 80.7 %ISO and with viscosity 800 mL/g. Moreover, the laccase from the white rot fungus HG can degrade lignin without HBT. The pulp is bleached with OL0QP (without HBT) to brightness 76.7% ISO, which was 23.2 %ISO higher than that with OQP bleaching.
Key words: laccase; Laccase/Mediator system; kraft bamboo pulp; totally-chlorine-free bleaching
（责任编辑：杜荣荣）
木素过氧化物酶辅助漂白机理研究
周学飞
（昆明理工大学，云南昆明，650224）
摘 要：采用FTIR、GC/MS、GPC等技术研究了木素过氧化物酶-过氧化氢漂白协同作用机理，结果表明，木素过氧化物酶预处理能增加木素的紫丁香基结构单元、对羟苯基、甲氧基、酚羟基等，增强木素的反应活性，同时还可以降解溶出小分子质量木素，为过氧化氢漂白提供有利条件：加强漂剂与木素酚型结构单元和紫丁香基结构单元的反应，使得发色基团和助色基团减少、木素溶出量有所增加、溶出木素的相对分子质量明显增大、纸浆白度提高、结晶度增加。 关键词：木素过氧化物酶；漂白；机理
Mechanism of Lignin Peroxidase Aided Bleaching
ZHOU Xue-fei*
(Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province,650224)
(*E-mail:lgdx602@tom.com)
Abstract: The mechanism of synergistic bleaching effect of lignin peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide was studied by FTIR, GC/MS and GPC. The results showed that the lignin peroxidase pretreatment increased syringyl structural unit, p-hydroxyl phenyl, methoxyl and phenolic hydroxyl group thus enhanced the reaction activity of lignin and also degraded and dissolved small molecular lignin. The pretreatment provided favourable condition for hydrogen peroxide bleaching. It enhanced the reaction between bleaching reagent and phenolic structural units and syringyl structural units, increased the solubility of lignin and the molecular weight of dissolved lignin, thus reduced chromophores and increased the brightness and crystallinity of the bleached pulp.
Key words: lignin peroxidase; bleaching; mechanism
（责任编辑：赵旸宇）
多金属氧酸盐为介体的杨木KP浆电化学介体脱木素研究
孔凡功1 詹怀宇1 王守娟2 付时雨1
（1.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510640;2. 山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100）
摘 要：以多金属氧酸盐Na8［PMo7V5O40］为介体，对杨木硫酸盐浆进行了电化学介体脱木素的研究。结果表明，采用钌钛涂层电极为阳极，不锈钢为阴极，以Na8［PMo7V5O40］为介体对杨木硫酸盐浆进行无隔膜电化学处理，能够有效脱除纸浆中的残余木素，而浆的黏度损失不大。Na8［PMo7V5O40］最优的电化学介体脱木素条件为：Na8［PMo7V5O40］浓度5 mmol/L，电压2.5 V，温度80℃，时间7h，pH值2.0～3.0，Na2SO4用量0.1mol/L。该条件下，纸浆卡伯值从17.3降至11.4，黏度从1018 mL/g降至846 mL/g。电化学处理后的废液可进行多次循环使用。
关键词：电化学；介体；杨木硫酸盐浆；多金属氧酸盐
Electrochemically Mediated Delignification of Popular Kraft Pulp with Polyoxometalates as Mediator
KONG Fan-gong1，* ZHAN Huai-yu1 WANG Shou-juan2 FU Shi-yu1
(1. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640; 2. Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100)
(*E-mail:kfgwsj1566@163.com)
Abstract: The electrochemically mediated delignification of popular Kraft pulp, in which the polyoxometalates- Na8［PMo7V5O40］ was taken as the medium, was investigated in this paper. The results showed that the residual lignin could be effectively removed without evident loss of pulp viscosity by electrolysis of the electrolyte containing trace amount of Na8［PMo7V5O40］ and 0.1mol/L Na2SO4in the electrolysis cell with ruthenium-titanium coated titanium as anode and stainless steel as cathode. The optimum process parameters for Na8［PMo7V5O40］ used as medium in the electrochemically mediated delignification were as follows: Na8［PMo7V5O40］:5mmol/L, voltage: 2.5V, temperature: 80℃, treatment time: 7h, pH: 2.0～3.0 and Na2SO4 0.1mol/L. Under the optimum conditions the pulp Kappa number could be reduced from 17.3 to 11.4 and pulp viscosity was decreased from 1018mL/g to 846mL/g. In addition, the effluents of electrochemically mediated delignification could be reused without new chemicals addition.
Key words: electrochemistry; mediated delignification; popular Kraft pulp; polyoxometalates
(责任编辑：王岩)
废纸碎解条件对油墨老化的旧报刊废纸脱墨效果的影响
肖宝清 金龙哲 石 晶
(北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院，北京，100083)
摘 要：采用二段碎浆的方式，得出了废纸碎解条件影响油墨已老化的旧报刊废纸脱墨效果的趋势，分析了造成这一趋势的原因。结果显示：碎浆浓度和时间是影响脱墨效果的最重要因素，脱墨剂及Na2SiO3次之。采用二段碎浆工艺，可使出纸墨点数＜250个/m2,白度＞56％SBD。
关键词：废纸脱墨；油墨老化；碎浆；脱墨药剂；浮选
Effect of Pulping Condition on Deinking Efficiency of Aged Newspaper and Magazine Wastepaper
XIAO Bao-qing JIN Long-zhe SHI Jing*
（Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing， 100083，）
(*E-mail:shijing8008@sina.com)
Abstract: The effect of pulping condition on the deinking efficiency of aged newspaper and magazine wastepaper in two-stage pulping process was studied. The results indicated that pulping consistency and pulping time was the most important factors influencing the deinking efficiency, and adding deinking chemicals and Na2SiO3 was of benefit to the deinking. The bleached deinked pulp could reach the quality of more than 56%SBD brightness and less than 250/m2 dirt count when two-stage pulping process is used.
Key words: wastepaper deinking; aged oil; repulping of ONP; deinking chemicals; flotation
(责任编辑：房宝伦)
高效内循环生物反应器处理脱墨废水动力学特性初步研究
管秀琼1 周 健1 陈元彩2 陈中豪2
（1. 四川理工学院生物工程系，四川自贡，643000； 2. 华南理工大学造纸与污染控制国家工程中心，广东广州，510640）
摘 要：研究了脱墨废水用高效内循环生物反应器处理时的生物降解和生物增长动力学特征，求出了脱墨废水经两种不同预处理后的降解动力学方程及稳态条件下活性污泥的产率系数。与传统活性污泥法相比，其污泥的产率系数只有1/3～1/2。
关键词：脱墨废水；生物降解动力学；生物增长动力学
Kinetics Characteristics in the Treatment of Deinking Effluent with High Performance Inner-Loop Bioreactor
GUAN Xiu-qiong1，* ZHOU Jian1 CHEN Yuan-cai2 CHEN Zhong-hao2
(1. Department of Biologic Engineering，Sichuan University of Science and Engineering，Zigong，Sichuan Province, 643033；2. National Research Center of Papermaking and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail:chunbing899@yahoo.com)
Abstract: Biodegradation kinetics and microorganism growth kinetics in the treatment of deinking effluent with high performance inner-loop bioreactor were investigated in this study. The degradation kinetics equations for pretreated deinking effluent with two ways were derived and yield coefficient of activated sludge in stable conditions was obtained. The yield coefficient of the activated sludge was only 1/3～1/2 of that of conditional active sludge process.
Key words: deinking effluent; biodegradation kinetics; microorganism growth kinetics
（责任编辑：梁川）
Pd/C催化下碱木质素与环己烯的还原反应
方桂珍 李丽英 叶结旺
(东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨，150040)
摘 要：以钯/炭(Pd/C)为催化剂，以环己烯为氢给予体与麦秆碱木质素进行还原反应，分析了不同因素对反应过程的影响，通过正交实验优化了反应参数，用化学法对反应前后碱木质素官能团进行了定量测定，实验结果表明，最佳的Pd/C催化、环己烯还原法活化碱木质素的反应条件为：pH值10，催化剂质量分数7％，反应时间1.5h，碱木质素与环己烯质量比1∶4.1，反应后碱木质素的总羟基含量为13.45%，增加了104.72%；羧基含量为1.60％，降低了39.39%；羰基2.96％，降低了50.99%。凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)分析表明，对于反应前后的碱木质素，其相对分子质量主要在1000～10000之间，所占比例分别为63.23％、84.66％，经Pd/C催化还原后碱木质素的多分散系数变小。
关键词：碱木质素；环己烯；Pd/C催化剂；还原反应
Deoxidation of Alkali Lignin and Cyclohexene Catalysed by Pd/C
FANG Gui-zhen* LI Li-ying YE Jie-wang
(Northeast Forestry University, Key Lab of Bio-based Material Science and Technology,Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040) (*E-mail:fanggz@public.hr.hl.cn)
Abstract: In this paper straw alkali lignin was deoxidized by cyclohexene in the present of Pd/C catalyst. Several effects were analyzed in detail and parameters of deoxidation reaction were optimized by orthogonal experiments. The function groups of alkali lignin were determined by chemical methods. The results obtained indicated that the optimum conditions of deoxidation reaction of alkali lignin and cyclohexene catalysed by Pd/C were as follows: pH=10, catalyst concentration of 7%, reaction time of 1.5h, the ratio of cyclohexene to alkali lignin was 1: 4.1(by weight). Total hydroxyl of alkali lignin after activation was 13.45%, with an increase of 104.72%, content of carboxyl was 1.60%, and the carbonyl was 2.96%, decreased by 39.39% and 50.99% respectively. The molecular weight of alkali lignin was mainly distributed between 1000 and 10000 by GPC analysis. In the range of 10000 to 1000, the proportions of alkali lignin and activated alkali lignin were 63.23% and 84.66% respectively, indicating the polydispersity of alkali lignin was decreased after the deoxidation reaction catalysed by Pd/C catalyst.
Key words: alkali lignin; cyclohexene; Pd/C catalyst; deoxidation reaction
(责任编辑：张桂兰)
二乙烯三胺/甲醛改性木质素胺的制备及应用性能
刘祖广1 陈朝晖2 王迪珍2
（1.广西民族学院化学与生态工程学院,广西南宁,530006; 2.华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,广东广州,510640）
摘 要：采用较温和的Mannich反应途径制得了二乙烯三胺/甲醛改性木质素胺，考察了反应温度、反应时间、二乙烯三胺和甲醛用量、反应体系的pH值与加料方式对Mannich反应的影响。结果表明，木质素胺的制备条件为反应温度90℃，反应时间3h，n(甲醛)∶n(二乙烯三胺)∶n(木质素)＝1～2∶1∶1，反应pH值11.5，加料方式：将甲醛缓慢滴入木质素与二乙烯三胺的混合溶液中。FTIR、1H-NMR的测试结果表明，木质素经与二乙烯三胺/甲醛的Mannich反应，在木质素愈创木核的C5位引入了相应的胺甲基。并对二乙烯三胺/甲醛改性木质素胺对沥青的乳化效果进行了测定。
关键词：木质素；木质素胺；Mannich反应；制备；应用性能
Preparation and Characterization Diethylenetriamine/Formaldehyde Modified Lignin Amine
LIU Zu-guang1,* CHEN Zhao-hui2 WANG Di-zhen2
(1.College of Chemistry and Ecological Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530006; 2.College of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail:liuzug@sohu.com)
Abstract：Diethylenetriamine/formaldehyde modified lignin amine was prepared from diethylenetriamine, formaldehyde and lignin by Mannich reaction at low temperature. The effects of reaction temperature, time, the dosage of diethylenetriamine and formaldehyde, pH and feeding manner on Mannich reaction were investigated. The preparation conditions of the modified lignin amine were 90 ℃ of reaction temperature, 3 h of reaction time, n(formaldehyde):n(diethylenetriamine):n(lignin)=1～2:1:1, pH=11.5. The formaldehyde was added to the mix solution of diethylenetriamine and lignin slowly. The analysis of FTIR and 1H- NMR showed that the amine-methyl in the C5 of the guaiacol of lignin was introduced by the Mannich reaction among lignin, diethylenetriamine and formaldehyde. Some application properties of asphalt emulsification made by diethylenetriamine/formaldehyde modified lignin amine were measured too.
Key words: lignin; lignin amine; Mannich reaction; preparation; applying properties
（责任编辑：马忻）
利用纤维废弃物生产L-乳酸的研究
鲁 杰1，2，3 石淑兰1 杨汝男2 牛梅红2 金 辉2
（1.天津科技大学，天津，300222；2.大连轻工业学院， 辽宁大连，116034；3.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室，广东广州，510641）
摘 要：为了使对环境造成污染的纤维废弃物得到资源化利用，采用纤维素酶对纤维废料进行酶解，并用米根霉发酵生产L-乳酸。研究结果表明，0.3 mol/L稀磷酸对纤维废弃物进行预处理后，纤维素酶酶解60h，取糖化液进行米根霉发酵，可得到较佳转化率；在固定摇床转速为120 r/min、种龄12 h的条件下，米根霉发酵生产L-乳酸的最佳条件为：装液量(250 mL瓶)50 mL，接种量8%；经稀磷酸预处理纤维废料分别糖化发酵时，糖对L-乳酸转化率高于未经稀磷酸预处理的,而在同时糖化发酵过程中，经稀磷酸预处理纤维废料发酵效果不明显。
关键词：纤维素酶；L-乳酸；米根霉；纤维废弃物
Production of L-lactic Acid from Fibers Waste
LU Jie1,2,3，* SHI Shu-lan1 YANG Ru-nan2 NIU Mei-hong2 ZHOU Jin-hui2
(1. Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222; 2. Dalian Institute of Light Industry , Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116034; 3. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou，Guangdong Province, 510641)
(*E-mail:lujiemail@tom.com)
Abstract: L-lactic acid preparation by saccarification and fermentation using R.oryzae and cellulase was studied in order to utilize cellulose waste. The results showed that the best converting rate was obtained when the cellulose waste was pretreated with 0.3M diluted phosphonic acid and enzymatic degradated for 60h, then the degradation liquor was fermented with R.oryzae. With a constant rotating speed of 12 rpm of the vibrating bed and breeding time of 12h, the optimum conditions for L-lactic acid production by fermentation were as follows: aerating amount 50mL/250mL, inoculation rate 8%.
Key words: cellulase; L-Lactic acid; Rhizopus oryzae; fibers waste
（责任编辑：孙秋菊）
纤维素酶酶解苇浆纤维微观结构和结晶结构的变化
鲁 杰1，2 石淑兰1，3 杨汝男2 牛梅红2 宋文静2
（1.天津科技大学，天津，300222； 2.大连轻工业学院，辽宁大连，116034；3.中国科学院纤维素化学重点实验室，广东广州，510650）
摘 要：采用红外光谱（IR）、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜对在纤维素酶解进程中苇浆纤维素大分子的结构及纤维形态的变化进行了研究。研究结果表明,纤维素酶酶解进程中，纤维素大分子的晶型没有改变，但结晶度呈现周期性变化，微晶尺寸略有降低。在酶解初期，纤维素酶不仅作用于纤维素无定形区，也开始作用在纤维素结晶区表面；在酶解中、后期，纤维素酶对纤维素结晶区和无定形区的作用呈现周期性变化。纤维素酶解过程中纤维表面呈现周期性“剥皮”现象，并且在纤维表面出现孔洞和沟槽，在孔洞处纤维易断裂，导致纤维长度和粗度的降低。
关键词：纤维素酶；纤维素；酶法水解；结晶度；微晶结构
Modification of Reed Cellulose Microstructure and IT Change in Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Reed Pulp
LU Jie1,2， SHI Shu-lan1,3 YANG Ru-nan2 NIU Mei-hong2 SONG Wen-jing2
(1.Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222; 2. Dalian Institute of Light Industry, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116034; 3. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou，Guangdong Province, 510650)
(*E-mail:lujiemail@tom.com)
Abstract: The change of cellulose structure and morphological characteristic of reed pulp during the enzymatic hydrolysis was studied by IR, X-ray diffraction and SEM. The results showed that the crystal form of cellulose was not changed during the enzymatic hydrolysis, but the crystallinity was changed periodically. And the microcrystallinity size was decreased. The cellulases not only acted on the amorphous region, and also acted on the crystalline region surface at the initial stage. The cellulase action was changed at the crystalline region and the amorphous region periodically in the anaphase of enzymatic hydrolysis. Peeling phenomena and the hole and the groove on the cellulose surface were found during the enzymatic degradation.
Key words: cellulase; cellulose; enzymatic hydrolysis; crystallinity; microcrystallinity structure
（责任编辑：李大力）
纤维素酶后处理制备NaOH-H2O2粘胶纤维棉浆粕的研究
杨桂花1 陈嘉川1 曹知朋2 赵光磊1
（1. 山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科，山东济南，250100；2.山东高密银鹰化纤有限公司，山东高密，261500）
摘 , ;要：研究了纤维素酶后处理对NaOH-H2O2粘胶纤维棉浆粕性能的影响。结果表明，经过适量纤维素酶处理，NaOH-H2O2粘胶纤维棉浆粕的聚合度可降低100以上，经测定，制备的粘胶纤维棉浆粕各项指标符合标准要求。纤维素酶处理最佳条件为：酶用量5～8 IU/g浆，温度40℃，pH值5.0，时间90 min。NaOH-H2O2蒸煮结合纤维素酶处理制备粘胶纤维棉浆粕，可省去漂白系统，消除漂白污染。
关键词：纤维素酶；后处理；NaOH-H2O2制浆；棉浆粕
Preparation of NaOH-H2O2 Cotton Viscose Pulp with Cellulase Post-treatment
YANG Gui-hua1，* CHEN Jia-chuan1 CAO Zhi-peng2 ZHAO Guang-lei1
(1. Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Ji'' nan, Shandong Province,250100;2. Gaomi Chemical Fiber Co Ltd, Gaomi, Shandong Province, 261500)
(*E-mail:ygh2626@126.com)
Abstract: The influence of cellulase post-treatment on the NaOH-H2O2 cotton viscose pulp was investigated. The results showed that the post-treatment of the cotton pulp by a suitable dosage of cellulases could reduce the DP units of the pulp cellulose over 100 and that all of the indexes fited the standards of viscose pulp. The best conditions of cellulase treatment are that the dosage of cellulases is 5～8IU/g pulp, the temperature 40℃, the pH 5.0 and the time 90 min. The process of producing cotton viscose pulps with NaOH-H2O2 cooking and cellulase post treatment can cast off the bleaching system and eliminate bleaching pollution.
Key words: cellulase; NaOH-H2O2 pulping; cotton pulp; viscose fiber
（责任编辑：杜荣荣）
血红密孔菌对刚果红脱色的共培养体系优化的研究
慕庆峰 赵 敏 钱 程
（东北林业大学生命科学学院，黑龙江哈尔滨，150040）
摘 要：在东北林区的4个自然保护区中采集、纯化得到34种野生大型真菌，对其氧化酶系进行了定性检测，从中选出６个白腐菌菌种进行染料脱色研究，发现血红密孔菌(Pycnoporus sanguineus)对4大类染料有高效广谱脱色作用。实验结果表明，在限氮条件下培养5天，其对刚果红脱色率最高可达89.04%；添加微量元素改良培养基的实验表明，培养5天最高脱色率可达98.01%；在此基础上添加诱导剂，则对刚果红的脱色率显著降低，实验发现添加诱导剂愈创木酚是导致脱色率降低的根本原因。用海藻酸钠固定血红密孔菌并对染料刚果红脱色5天，其脱色率达90.34%.
关键词：血红密孔菌；染料脱色；培养基
Optimization of Pycnoporus Sanguineus to Dye Degradation Co-Culturing System
MU Qing-feng ZHAO Min* QIAN Cheng
（College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040） (*E-mail:82zb@hljgh.org)
Abstract: Thirty-four species of big wild fungi were collected and purified from natural forests throughout four nature reserves in northeast China, the oxidases of which were examined qualitatively. Six species of white rot fungi were selected to study of decolorization, a high efficient and wide range decolorization fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus was found in the decolorization of four kinds of dye. Orthogonal test indicated decolorization rate of gongo red reached 89.04% in nitrogen-limited and still light-prevent condition for five days. The decolorization rate reached 98.01% when added trace elements to culture medium. The dyes (Gongo red) decolorization rate obviously decreased in five days when the inducer was added to the culture medium. Data of orthogonal test was dealt with DPS software showed that the ultimate reason of dyes decolorization decrease was adding the guaiacol to culture medium. The dye decolorization tests were carried out with Pycnoporus sanguineus which was immobilized by sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol respectively. The result showed that: the former had a high decolorization rate of Congo red, the dye decolorization rate in 7 days was 92.86%,while the latter was only 22.97%.
Key words: Pycnoporus sanguineus; dye decolorization; culture medium
（责任编辑：常青）
白腐菌木素氧化酶系的检测及其漆酶诱导产生的研究
赵 敏 钱 程
（东北林业大学生命科学学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨, 150040）
摘 要：为筛选生长速度快的高产漆酶菌种, 通过平板组织分离法在东北林区的4个自然保护区采集、鉴定、分离纯化得到34个大型真菌菌种, 其中25个为白腐菌。用丁香醛连氮法、苯胺蓝平板脱色法对获得的菌种进行木素氧化酶系定性测定, 结果发现有14个菌种具有漆酶活性。选择其中生长速度快、漆酶活性高的菌种进行了培养方式、诱导剂诱导对漆酶产生的影响,研究发现白耙齿菌、血红密孔菌诱导、静止培养漆酶产生最高峰值分别达到340、480 U/mL, 明显高于其他3种培养方式，这说明白耙齿菌、血红密孔菌是生长速度快的高产漆酶菌种, 且静止培养可代替振荡培养进行漆酶产生、制备等相关的后续工作。
关键词：白腐菌；氧化酶系；检测；漆酶；诱导产生
Study on the Examination of Oxidative System in White-rot Fungi and its Laccase Production by Induction
ZHAO Min* QIAN Cheng
（College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040）
(* E-mail:82zb@hljgh.org)
Abstract: In order to screen the fungi that can grow fast and produce high laccase activity, 34 macrofungus from 4 nature reserves in northeast China were collected and identified by using the method of plating isolation. Among these macrofungus, 25 species were white rot fungus. The ligininolytic enzymes of the species were analyzed qualitatively by using syringaldazine as the subtrate and the decolorization of aniline blue in plate cultivation. The result showed 14 species had laccase activity. The fungus, which grew quickly and produced high laccase activity, were selected to study how the cultivation mode and inducer could affect the production of laccase activity. By induction and static cultivation, the laccase activity produced by Irpex lacteal and Pycnoporus sanguineus reached a peak of 340, 480 U/ml, respectively, which were higher than other 3 cultivation modes. Static cultivation and induction had an obvious effect on the production of laccase activity, while shaking cultivation and induction had no effect. It proved that Irpex lacteal and Pycnoporus sanguineus were high laccase activity producers and shaking cultivation could be taken place by static cultivation to produce and prepare laccase in the follow-up work.
Key words: white rot fungi; oxidative system; examination; laccase; production
（责任编辑：关颖）
膨化处理胶粘物的红外光谱分析
黄显南 杨崎峰 骆莲新 王双飞
(广西大学造纸科学研究所,广西南宁,530004)
摘 要:利用红外光谱分析了膨化前后胶粘物的结构变化,分析结果表明,膨化后乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯乳液(EVA),氧化淀粉(OS),羧基丁苯胶乳(X-SB),聚乙烯醇(PVA)等胶粘物分子主链均发生了断裂,且都可能形成了硅酯键。
关键词:膨化处理；红外光谱；胶粘物
The IR Spectrum Analysis of Stickies Treated by Explosion
HUANG Xian-nan YANG Qi-feng LUO Lian-xin WANG Shuang-fei*
(Pulp & Paper Institute of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004)
(*E-mail:wangsf@gxu.edu.cn)
Abstract: In this paper, the infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the change of the structure of stickies treated by explosion. The results showed that the molecular chain of the stickies, including ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), oxidized starch (OS), carboxylated styrene-butadiene lattices (X-SB) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), was broken after explosion treatment and it was possible to form the silicon ester bond.
Key words: explosion treatment; infrared spectroscopy; stickies
(责任编辑：赵旸宇)
新闻纸厂胶粘物组分的分离与分析
李宗全1,2 詹怀宇1
(1.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东广州,510640；
2.山东轻工业学院轻化与环境工程学院,山东济南,250100)
摘 要:对新闻纸厂网前筛筛板上的沉积胶粘物进行了分离与分析。结果表明,以聚醋酸乙烯酯和聚丙烯酸酯为代表的人工合成聚合物以及机械浆中的木材树脂是产生胶粘物的根本来源,但它们在胶粘物沉积中的含量只有约5%。胶粘物沉积中大部是无粘性的碳酸钙和细小纤维,说明碳酸钙等物质会与具有粘性的树脂类物质粘附在一起形成大量的沉积物。
关键词:胶粘物；亲水性抽出物；新闻纸
Separation and Analysis of the Stickies Deposit in Newsprint Mill
LI Zong-quan1,2, ZHAN Huai-yu1
(1. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology,
Guangzhou, Guangdong Province,510640; 2.Faculty of Light Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry,Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100)
(*E-mail:zongquali@163.com)
Abstract: A lot of contaminants such as pressure-sensitive adhesive, hot melt adhesive, coating adhesive, ink binding adhesive from waste paper as well as the lipophilic wood resins are released and dispersed in the pulp suspension in newsprint mills where secondary fibers are used, and those contaminants can form the deposit on the forming wire, press section and dryers or the surface of paper sheets, which is harmful to the production efficiency and the product quality. The deposit from the pressurized screen before the wire section in Nanping Paper Mill was sampled and analyzed, and the results showed that polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyacrylate (PA) and the wood lipophilic extractives were the representatives of the deposit, but their content in the deposit was only about 5%. Most of the substances in the deposit were the non-sticky calcium carbonate and fines that could adhere to the sticky contaminants and deposit together, resulting in a great deal of the deposit.
Key words: stickies; lipophilic extractives; newsprint
（责任编辑：王岩）
旧报纸碎浆中溶解与胶体物质对纸浆性能的影响 董翠华 秦梦华 徐清华 傅英娟
(山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科,山东济南,250100)
摘 要:对旧报纸碎浆过程中产生的溶解与胶体物质(DCS)对纸浆光学性能、物理强度性能和滤水性能的影响进行了探讨。结果表明,增加DCS含量可降低纸浆白度,当DCS含量为100%时,纸浆白度下降了5.3%ISO。随着体系中DCS含量增加,纸浆的抗张强度、撕裂强度、耐破指数均有所降低。此外,DCS含量的增加亦可降低CPAM作用效果。
关键词:旧报纸；溶解与胶体物质(DCS)； 白度； 物理强度； 滤水性能
Effect of Dissolved and Colloidal Substances Released During Repulping of ONP on the Pulp Properties
DONG Cui-hua* QIN Meng-hua XU Qing-hua FU Ying-juan
(Shandong Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry,Ji''nan, Shandong Province, 250100) (*E-mail:xiaodong771111@163.com)
Abstract: The influences of dissolved and colloidal substances released during repulping of ONP on the optical, physical and drainage properties of the pulp were investigated in the paper. The results indicated that increasing the content of DCS would result in the decrease of brightness, and as the content of DCS reached 100%, the brightness of the pulp decreased about 5.3% ISO. With the increasing of DCS, the tensile strength, tear index and burst index of pulp decreased in different degrees. On the other hand,the content of DCS in the system increased could decrease the effect of CPAM on drainage improvement.
Key words: old newspaper; DCS; brightness; physical strength; drainage property (责任编辑：房宝伦)
漆酶不同处理条件对AOCC纸浆强度性能的影响
王 飞1 石淑兰1,2 裴继诚1,3 罗灵芝1
(1.天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室,天津,300222；
2.中国科学院纤维素化学重点实验室,广东广州,510650；
3.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东广州,510641)
摘 要:利用NS 51003漆酶对美国旧瓦楞纸箱(AOCC)浆进行生物酶处理,研究了漆酶处理的酶促反应条件对AOCC浆强度性能的影响。研究结果表明,漆酶处理的最佳酶促反应条件为:漆酶用量16 U/g浆；浆浓5%；pH值7；反应温度:室温；反应时间1 h；并通空气。在此条件下采用漆酶处理AOCC纸浆,其湿抗张指数和湿环压指数均有明显的提高。
关键词:漆酶；AOCC浆；抗张强度；环压强度
Modification of AOCC strength with Laccase
Wang Fei1,* Shi Shu-lan1,2 Pei Ji-cheng1,3 Luo Ling-zhi1
（1. Tianjin Key Lab of Pulp & Paper,Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300222；2. Key Lab of Cellulose and Lignocellulosic Chemistry ,Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510650；3. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510641）
(*E-mail:wf95312@sina.com)
Abstract: The American Old Corrugated Containers（AOCC）was treated with laccase NS 51003. The optimum conditions of laccase treatment were studied. It was found that the optimum conditions for laccase treatment were : the charge of laccase 16μ/g pulp,pH 7, room temperature, pulp consistency 5% and reaction time 1h. The results also showed that wet ring crush compression strength (RCT) and wet tensile strength of AOCC treated with laccase increased significantly compared to control handsheet.
Key words: laccase,AOCC, tensile strength, ring crush compressing strength （责任编辑：常青）
蚕丝抄纸性能的研究
沙力争1 王志杰2
(1.浙江科技学院,浙江杭州, 310011；2.陕西科技大学,陕西咸阳,712081)
摘 要:本文研究了蚕丝的最佳脱胶工艺、打浆方法以及蚕丝纸在不同打浆度条件下的各项物理性能。结果表明,蚕丝纸具有一定的机械强度及良好的透气性和吸收性。
关键词:蚕丝；脱胶；打浆；蚕丝纸；抄纸性能
Study on the Papermaking Properties of the Silk
SHA Li-zheng1,* WANG Zhi-jie2
(1. Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310011;
2. Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712081)
(*E-mail:slz9966@yahoo.com.cn)
Abstract: This paper studied the best technology to remove the silk glue, the ways of beating of the silk and the relation between the physical properties of the paper made from the silk pulp and various beating degree, the characters of the silk paper was founded. The study showed that silk paper has certain mechanical strength and has good air permeability and absorbability.
Key words: silk; removal of silk glue; beating; silk paper; papermaking properties
(责任编辑：梁川)
胶粘剂迁移定量分析方法的研究
甄朝晖1 陈中豪1 林德森2
(1.华南理工大学造纸与污染控制国家工程研究中心,广东广州,510640；2.中国制浆造纸研究院,北京,100020)
摘 要:本研究首次系统地对胶粘剂迁移的现代定量分析方法进行了研究,包括以Br作丁苯胶乳的标记、用SEM-EDXA方法测定胶乳在涂层Z向的浓度和分布、用ESCA方法分析全胶粘剂在涂层表面的浓度。结果表明,该方法完全可以定量地分析描述胶粘剂在涂层中迁移的浓度分布和在涂层表面的浓度。
关键词:胶粘剂；迁移；定量分析；SEM-EDXA；ESCA
Quantitative Analysis Method Study of Binder Migration
ZHEN Zhao-hui1,* CHEN Zhong-hao1 LIN De-sen2
(1.National Engineering Research Center of Papermaking and Pollution Control,South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640; 2.China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Beijing, 100020)
(*E-mail: zhwy087@163.com)
Abstract: The modern method for quantitatively characterizing the migration of coating binder was studied systematically. The method involves tagging the SB-latex by bromine and examining the Z direction of the coated paper by SEM-EDXA to obtain the depth distribution of the latex, and detecting the binder concentration on the top of the coating layer by ESCA. The results indicated that the method is good enough to analyze the binder migration and its concentration in cross section and in the surface of the coating layers.
Key words: binder; migration; quantitative analysis; SEM-EDXA; ESCA
（责任编辑：张桂兰）
阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺乳液的制备
吴宗华1 陈少平2 王春燕1
(1.福建师范大学高分子研究所,福建福州,350007；2.福建师范大学化学与材料学院,福建福州,350007)
摘 要:采用无皂乳液聚合法合成了丙烯酰胺单体质量分数(f)为0.40～0.73的丙烯酰胺-苯乙烯共聚物乳液(固含量为40%),并通过Hofmann反应将乳液改性为阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺乳液f为0.73的共聚物乳液的Hofmann反应产物中,胶粒的数均直径为85 nm,胺基和羧基的转化率分别为69.5%和6.4%。
关键词:阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液；无皂乳液聚合；Hofmann反应
Preparation of Cationic Polyacrylamide Emulsion
WU Zong-hua1, CHEN Shao-ping2 WANG Chun-yan1
(1.Institute of Macromolecular, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007; 2. College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007)
(*E-mail: wuzonghua@fjnu.edu.cn)
Abstract: The copolymers of acrylamide and styrene were prepared by emulsifier-free copolymerization. The mass fraction of acrylamide in the copolymer was 0.40～0.73. The emulsion was modified into cationic polymer by Hofmann reaction. The diameter of the microparticles in the emulsion with the mass fraction of 0.73 was 85 nm, conversion yields of amino groups and carboxyl groups were 69.5% and 6.4%, respectively.
Key words: cationic polyacrylamide emulsion; emulsifier-free copolymerization; Hofmann reaction
（责任编辑：马忻）
非离子型双元助留体系湿部化学特性的影响因素及作用机理
钱丽颖 何北海
(华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室, 广东广州, 510640)
摘 要:以典型的非离子型PEO/CF(聚氧化乙烯/辅助助剂)双元助留体系为例,从PEO和CF的分子结构、PEO/CF体系的用量及比例和造纸系统湿部环境等方面,深入分析了影响PEO/CF体系在含机木浆系统和白水封闭系统中助留效果的因素。由于含机木浆系统和白水封闭系统的湿部化学环境非常复杂,所以各种影响因素对PEO/CF体系的湿部化学特性的影响趋势并不完全一致。
关键词:非离子型；双元助留体系； 分子结构； 湿部化学特性
Factors Influencing the Wet-end Chemistry Characteristics of Non-ionic Dual Retention System
QIAN Li-ying* HE Bei-hai
(State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail:lyqian@scut.edu.cn )
Abstract: Some important factors which influence the retention effect of non-ionic dual retention system (PEO/CF) were summarized in this paper, including molecular structure of PEO and CF, dose and ratio of PEO/CF system and wet end chemistry of papermaking. The wet end chemistry of wood-containing system and white water closure system was so complicated that the effects of various factors on wet end chemistry characteristics of PEO/CF system were different
Key words: non-ionic; dual retention system; molecular structure; wet end chemistry characteristics
(责任编辑：孙秋菊)
改性微粒硅溶胶的结构和形态
马金霞 彭毓秀 李忠正
(南京林业大学化学工程学院,江苏南京,210037)
摘 要:用IR谱、29Si-NMR、11B-NMR和27Al-NMR谱及透射电镜对铝改性硅溶胶与硼改性硅溶胶进行了结构形态与特征的分析研究,首次提出了铝改性硅溶胶与硼改性硅溶胶的结构和形态特征。铝改性硅溶胶胶粒中的Al主要是以与［SiO4］四面体相连接的［AlO4］四面体的形式存在。硼改性硅溶胶胶粒中的硼主要以与4个硅原子相连接的［BO4］四面体的形式存在,同时还有与3个硅原子相连接的［BO4］四面体的形式。铝、硼改性硅溶胶带有强负电性,颗粒是无定型的,粒径在3 nm左右,属于微粒粒子。
关键词:硼改性硅溶胶； 铝改性硅溶胶； 结构； 微粒
Structure of Modified Silica Sol
MA Jin-xia PENG Yu-xiu LI Zhong-zheng
(College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Provice, 210037)
(*E-mail: maggiema1975@tom.com)
Abstract: The structures of aluminium modified silica sol (AMS) and boron modified silica sol (BMS) were investigated with IR, 29Si-NMR、11B-NMR, 27Al-NMR spectra and TEM(transmission electron microscopy) for the first time. Aluminium in AMS particles is mostly in the form of ［AlO4］ tetrahedron connected with ［SiO4］, while boron in BMS particles is in the form of ［BO4］ tetrahedron connected with three silicon atoms or four silicon atoms. AMS and BMS present strong negative charge and the particles are amorphous whose size is about 3 nm belonging to microparticle.
Key words: BMS; AMS; structure; microparticle
（责任编辑：李大力）
硼改性微粒硅溶胶助留助滤体系的絮聚机理
马金霞 彭毓秀 李忠正
(南京林业大学化学工程学院,江苏南京,210037)
摘 要:通过几种絮聚模型-DDJ动态滤水仪法、结合激光粒度仪研究絮团大小的变化以及纸张匀度的比较,发现硼改性微粒硅溶胶对浆料絮聚机理是先加入阳离子聚合物,使纤维与细小组分絮聚成较大的絮聚体,初始絮聚体受到高剪切力作用,被打散成小碎块,从而为带负电荷的硼改性微粒硅溶胶暴露出更多的链圈和链尾。硼改性微粒硅溶胶就在这些吸附于不同浆料粒子上的链圈和链尾之间,靠静电中和及与聚合物中非带电段的吸附作用,使近距离的细小碎块桥联而发生重新絮聚,形成较初始絮聚体更小、更均一、更致密的絮团网络。结果大幅度提高了细小纤维和填料的留着率,改善了浆料的滤水性。同时又获得了良好匀度的纸页。
关键词:硼改性微粒硅溶胶；絮聚；机理
Flocculation Mechanism of Microparticle Boron Modified Silica Sol Retention and Drainage Aid System
MA Jin-xia PENG Yu-xiu LI Zhong-zheng
(College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037)
(*E-mail: Maggiema1975@tom.con)
Abstract: Flocculation mechanism of microparticle modified silica sol (MS) retention and drainage aid system was investigated with DDJ, laser particle instrument and paper formation tester, which was a new ideal and simple method. The research results showed that fibers and fines were flocculated by adding cationic polymer and the floccules were broken up with high shear force then more chain loops and tails were exposed and bridged by negative MS. Because MS was micropa rticle and had high specific surface area and high negative charge density, it made close fragments flocculated into smaller and more uniform and more compact floc nets thus improving retention and drainage with excellent formation.
Key words: modified silica sol; flocculation; mechanism
（责任编辑：杜荣荣）
高固含量三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的制备及应用研究
杨 惊 李小瑞
(陕西科技大学轻化工材料与设计研究所,陕西咸阳,712081)
摘 要:在甲醇溶液中,用多聚甲醛部分代替甲醛溶液与三聚氰胺在碱性条件下发生羟甲基反应,初缩体在酸性条件下与甲醇同时发生醚化、自身缩聚,最后调碱降低树脂黏度制得水溶性好、固含量高的改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂湿强剂。应用实验结果表明,在最佳条件下制备的改性三聚氰甲醛树脂对漂白麦草浆有较好的增湿强作用,并分析了该树脂对纸样耐破度、耐折度及撕裂度的影响。
关键词:多聚甲醛； 改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂； 水溶性； 湿增强剂
Preparation and Wet Strengthening Properties of High Solid Content Melamine-formaldehyde Resin
YANG Jing LI Xiao-rui
(Institute of Light Chemical Industry Material and Design, Shannxi University of Science & Technology, Xianyang, Shannxi Province, 712081)
(*E-mail:yangyong-wen@163.com)
Abstract:In methanol solution, paraformaldehyde was used as substitution of formaldehyde and melamine and hydroxymethylation was taken place under alkaline condition. The prepolymer was etherified with methanol and self-polymerized in acid condition, then high solid content melamine-formaldehyde resin with high water solubility was prepared by increasing the pH value. The result indicated that modified melamine-formaldehyde resin which was prepared under optimum conditions had a good wet strengthening effect on bleached wheat straw pulp. The influence of the resin on the physical strength of the paper was also analyzed.
Key words: paraformaldehyde; modified melamine-formaldehyde resin; water-solubility; wet strengthening agent
（责任编辑：常青）
氧等离子体处理对PBO纸页性能的影响
王习文 詹怀宇 周雪松 胡 健
(华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东广州,510640)
摘 要:研究了PBO(聚对苯撑苯并双NB035唑)浆粕在氧等离子体不同处理条件下对PBO纸页性能的影响。实验结果表明,氧等离子体处理是PBO浆粕十分有效的改性手段；经过氧等离子体处理后,PBO浆粕增加了活性基团,从而改善了浆粕的分散性能,提高纸页匀度；同时,PBO纸页的强度也有大幅度提高,裂断长从3.5 km提高到5.7 km,撕裂指数从4.36 mN•m2/g提高到6.47 mN•m2/g,耐破指数从4.78 kPa•m2/g提高到5.97 kPa•m2/g。
关键词:氧等离子体处理； PBO纸； 匀度
Influence of Oxygen Plasma Treatment on the PBO Paper Properties
WANG Xi-wen* ZHAN Huai-yu ZHOU Xue-song HU Jian
(State Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640) (*E-mail:wxwxyh@163.com)
Abstract: The influence of oxygen plasma treatment on the PBO paper properties was studied in this paper. The results indicated that the active functional groups were introduced by the oxygen plasma treatment. The formation of the PBO paper was greatly increased and the strength properties were also improved after oxygen plasma treatment. The breaking length increased from 3.5 km to 5.7 km, tear index increased from 4.36 mN•m2/g to 6.47 mN•m2/g and burst index from 4.78 kPa•m2/g to 5.97 kPa•m2/g
Key words: oxygen plasma treatment; PBO paper；formation
（责任编辑：关颖）
油墨种类及特性对废纸可脱墨性的影响
傅英娟1,2 秦梦华1 胡惠仁2
(1.山东轻工业学院制浆造纸工程省级重点学科,山东济南,250100；2.天津科技大学化学工程与材料学院,天津,300222)
摘 要:针对旧报纸、激光打印废纸及静电复印废纸油墨的不同,探讨了油墨种类及特性对废纸脱墨性能的影响。研究结果表明,旧报纸的油墨成膜性差,碎解时油墨容易剥离和分散,形成的油墨粒子粒径很小,容易重新沉积在纤维上,妨碍油墨的有效脱除；激光打印墨粉的成膜性好,熔融固化在纸张表面后形成较厚的成片油墨膜,碎浆后的油墨粒子呈较大的片状,脱除较困难；静电复印用显像剂在纸张表面固化后会形成连续成片的油墨膜,废纸碎浆后的油墨粒子为尺寸较大的扁平片状颗粒,但加强机械作用可将其分散得相对较小,通过浮选可有效除去。
关键词:旧报纸； 激光打印废纸； 静电复印废纸； 油墨； 可脱墨性
Effect of Ink Types and Properties on the Deinkability of Wastepaper
FU Ying-juan1,2, QIN Meng-hua1 HU Hui-ren2 (1. Shandong Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250100; 2. College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222)
(*E-mail: qmh@sdili.edu.cn)
Abstract: The effect of ink types such as newsprint oil-based inks, laser-print and xerographic toners on the deinkability of wastepaper was studied in this paper. Results showed that the differences in wastepaper types, ink compositions and properties could lead to the different deinkabilities. Compared with the oil-based ink of newsprint, the non-impact toners of laser-print paper and xerographic paper were more difficult to be removed. The ink sticked on the old newspaper was easily detached and dispersed by saponification, but some particles with small size were also readily produced, which could precipitate on the fiber of pulp again and was difficult to be removed. The toners sticked as a state of thick film in the old xerographic paper and old laser-print paper were shivered into particles of larger size, which made the removal of these toners particles more difficult. As a result, the proper mechanical force was needed to decrease the size of these particles to meet the requirement of flotation and washing.
Key words: old newspaper; old laser-print paper; old xerographic paper; ink or toner; deinkability
（责任编辑：赵旸宇）
大型高压铸铁烘缸有限元分析与应力产生机理
李 杰1 焦 磊1 王乐勤1 杨 旭2
(1.浙江大学化工机械研究所,浙江杭州,310027；2.中国轻工业杭州机电设计研究院,浙江杭州,310004)
摘 要:针对大型高压烘缸,建立了一套简易有效的有限元分析方法,并找出应力危险区域,探讨了该区域的应力产生机理,同时对模型的可靠性进行了分析,最后提出了大型高压烘缸须设置筋板、采用刚性较大的内拉筒结构及尽量扩大结构不连续处的过渡范围等改进建议。
关键词:烘缸；有限元；应力分析；压力容器
Finite Element Analysis of Large-scale High-Pressure Cast Iron Dryer
LI Jie1, JIAO Lei1 WANG Le-Qin1 YANG Xu2
(1. Institute of Chemical Process Machinery,ZheJiang University,Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province, 310027;2. Hangzhou Project & Research Institute of Machinery-Electricity Engineering of Light Industry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310004)
(*E-mail: lijie0321@yahoo.com.cn)
Abstract: Recently, the dryer cylinder of paper machine tends towards large-scale & high pressure obviously. In this article, a typical Φ3600×3150 mm cast iron dryer, which is just being developed and will break through the limit pressure 0.8 MPa of the cast iron pressure vessel, is analyzed by finite element method. The dangerous stress zone is described in the contour graph and the cause of stress distribution is discussed. Some general suggestions on how to decrease the stress level are put forward. The method of FEA is very useful to such dryers'' design.
Key words: dryer；finite element analysis；stress analysis；pressure vessel
（责任编辑：王岩）
中浓纸浆在反应器内的流动特性研究
宣征南1 陈克复2 陈奇峰2
(1. 茂名学院机电工程学院,广东茂名,525000,2.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东广州,510640)
摘 要:中浓纸浆是一种非常特殊的介质,中浓纸浆在升流式反应器中的运动特性关系到反应器的反应效率和反应质量。作者利用自行研制的中浓纸浆漂白实验系统进行实验研究,对中浓纸浆在流经升流式反应器时的主要运动特性和流动机理进行了分析。
关键词:升流反应器；中浓纸浆；流速
Flow Characteristic of Medium Consistency Pulp Suspension in the Reactor
XUAN Zheng-nan1，* CHEN Ke-fu2 CHEN Qi-feng2
(1. Institute of Machinery-Electricity Engineering, Maoming College, Maoming, Guangdong Province, 525000; 2. State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail:hanxua@263.net)
Abstract: The medium consistency pulp suspension is very special. The flow characteristic of medium consistency pulp in the up-flow reactor directly relates to the reaction efficiency and reaction quality. In this paper specific flow properties of medium consistency pulp in up-flow reactor at initial state of stable flow are studied and analyzed by using an equipment made by ourselves.
Key word: up-flow reactor; medium consistency; velocity
(责任编辑：房宝伦)
一种新的打浆度测量方法及精浆机控制
汤 伟 王孟效 李明辉
(陕西科技大学造纸学院,陕西咸阳, 712081)
摘 要:针对打浆度直接在线检测仪表价格昂贵的现状,给出了一种新的打浆度软测量方法,即采用软测量技术,通过检测进浆浓度、流量和打浆设备电功率来实现打浆度在线软测量。并提出了一种新的打浆过程仿人智能三步控制方案。这一方案已经在多家打浆设备上实施,控制效果良好。
关键词:打浆过程；打浆度；软测量；仿人智能
A Novel Method for Measuring Beating Degree and Refiner Control
TANG Wei* WANG Meng-xiao LI Ming-hui
(College of Papermaking, Shannxi University of Science and Technology, Xianyang, Shannxi Province, 712081)
(*E-mail:wtang 906@163.com)
Abstract: As the direct on-line measuring instrument of beating degree is very expensive, a novel method to measure beating degree is proposed in this paper. By means of a soft measurement technique, the soft measurement of beating degree is implemented on line by detecting the consistency and flow of the inflow pulp and the electric power of the refiner. And a novel simulated human behavior intelligent three-step control scheme is suggested. This scheme has been implemented on various refiners and achieved good results.
Key words: pulp beating process; beating degree; soft measurement; simulated human behavior intelligence
(责任编辑：梁川)
红麻生物制浆研究进展
张运雄 刘正初
(中国农业科学院麻类研究所, 湖南长沙, 410006)
摘 要:从红麻原料的结构、木质素含量、半纤维素组成与含量、与现有以及新型制浆工艺的衔接等进行了比较深入的研究,揭示了红麻是一种比较理想的生物制浆研发材料,有望在生物制浆领域取得较大突破。对国内外红麻生物制浆的研究现状进行了比较全面的回顾与总结,并对其发展方向提出了一些设想。
关键词:红麻；生物制浆；研究；现状
Kenaf: Ideal Material for Biopulping
ZHANG Yun-xiong* LIU Zheng-chu
(Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hu, nan Province, 410006)
(*E-mail:ibfcpulp@yahoo.com.cn)
Abstract: It''s of great importance to tap the biopulping potential of kenaf. It''s proved that kenaf is an ideal material for biopulping based on its anatomic structure, lignin and hemicellulose contents. The progress of kenaf biopulping is reviewed. Meanwhile, a bacterium strain named CXJZ95-198 and a fungus strain called S4, screened by Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, have showed excellent biopulping ability and have great potential for further utilization. Some suggestions for the study and development of biopulping for kenaf are also put forward.
Key words: Kenaf; biopulping; study; development
（责任编辑：马忻）
DFRC法在木素结构研究中的应用
王少光 武书彬 朱小林
(华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东广州,510640)
摘 要:作为木素分析的新方法,DFRC法可以有选择性的高效的断裂β醚键和α芳基醚键,而甲氧基没有发生任何变化,并且反应条件温和,缩合反应很少,这都为进一步的结构分析提供了保证。本文综述了DFRC法的原理、反应条件及国内外的应用现状,分析了存在问题及难点,探索了今后的应用方向。
关键词:木素； 结构； DFRC； 表征； 气相色谱
Application of DFRC in the Study of Lignin Structure
WANG Shao-guang* WU Shu-bin ZHU Xiao-lin
（State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640）
(*E-mail:wangshg2725@126.com)
Abstract: A new method for selective and efficient cleavage of arylglycerol-β-ether (β-O-4) linkage and α-aryl ether bonds, DFRC method, is introduced in this paper. The DFRC method produces simpler mixtures of monomers with high yields than alternative hydrolytic methods. Because of its relative simplicity, mild conditions and exceptional selectivity, this method should become a powerful analytical method for lignin characterization. This article reviews current research development of this method. In addition, the problems and difficulties involved are also discussed.
Key words: lignin; structure; DFRC; characterization; GC
(责任编辑：张桂兰)
固体核磁CP/MAS 13C-NMR在植物纤维原料研究中的应用
刘传富 孙润仓 叶 君
(华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东广州,510640)
摘 要:固体核磁CP/MAS 13C-NMR光谱已经成为一种重要的科学研究方法,本文综述了在植物纤维和制浆造纸科学研究方面的应用。
关键词:固体核磁CP/MAS 13C-NMR光谱；制浆造纸；研究方法
Application of CP/MAS 13C-NMR Spectroscopy in the Study of Lignocellulosic Materials
LIU Chuan-fu SUN Run-cang YE Jun
(State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail:chfliu@163.com)
Abstract: Solid-state CP/MAS 13C-NMR spectroscopy is one of the most important research methods. This paper reviewed the application of this method in the study of lignocellulosic materials.
Key words: Solid-state CP/MAS 13C-NMR spectroscopy; pulp and papermaking
（责任编辑：孙秋菊）
纤维的表面性能及表面分析技术
杨崎峰1,2 詹怀宇1 王双飞2 李可成3
(1.华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东广州,510640；2.广西大学造纸科学研究所,广西南宁,530004；3.Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Canada)
摘 要:阐述了纤维表面性能的重要性,并主要介绍了扫描电镜(SEM )、透射电镜(TEM )、原子力显微镜(AFM)、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(CLSM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、二次离子质谱(SIMS)等现代表面分析技术及其在制浆造纸研究中的应用。
关键词:纤维；表面性能；表面分析技术
Fibre Surface Properties and the Surface Analysis Techniques
YANG Qi-feng1,2, ZHAN Huai-yu1 WANG Shuang-fei2 LI Ke-cheng3
(1. State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640;2.Pulp & Paper Institute of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530004; 3. Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Canada)
(*E-mail:bill.qfyang@163.com)
Abstract: In this paper, the significance of fibre surface properties was discussed. The basic principles of some modern surface analysis techniques, such as SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), AFM (atomic force microscopy), CLSM( Confocal Laser scanning Microscopy), XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscop),SIMS (secondary ion mass spectroscopy) and their applications in the pulp and paper research were described.
Key words: fiber; surface properties; surface analysis techniques
（责任编辑：李大力）
Ｘ射线能谱技术(XPS)在造纸工业中的应用
刘艳新1 王玉珑2 曹振雷3
(1.长沙理工大学,湖南长沙, 400076； 2.天津科技大学, 天津,300222；3.中国制浆造纸研究院,北京,100020)
摘 要:简单介绍了X射线能谱技术(XPS)的作用机理及其在纸张表面涂层结构、纤维素和木素含量、造纸助剂及纸病分析等方面的应用。
关键词:X射线能谱技术(XPS)； 涂层结构； 造纸助剂； 纸病分析
Application of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in Papermaking Industry
LIU Yan-xin1,* WANG Yu-long2 CAO Zhen-lei3
(1.Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province, 400076; 2.Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222; 3. China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Beijing,100020)
(*E-mail:ljy329@163.com)
Abstract: The application of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in the study of coating structure of paper surface, cellulose materials, papermaking additives and surface defects was discussed in this paper.
Key words: XPS; coating structure; papermaking additives; surface defects
(责任编辑：杜荣荣)
顶空气相色谱在制浆造纸工业中的应用
侯庆喜1 柴欣生2,3 朱俊勇4
(1.天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室,天津,300222； 2.广西大学,广西南宁,530004；
3.佐治亚理工学院造纸科学技术研究院,Atlanta, GA30332, USA； 4.美国农业部林业林产品实验室,Madison, WI53726, USA)
摘 要:报道了应用顶空气相色谱技术测定制浆造纸工业过程溶液中某些化学成分的浓度以及可挥发有机物气液相平衡常数的方法。这些方法可消除工业过程溶液中复杂母体对测定的影响,有利于解决制浆造纸样品分析中的一些问题。
关键词:顶空；气相色谱；气液平衡；制浆造纸
Application of Headspace Gas Chromatography Technology in Pulp and Papermaking Industry
HOU Qing-xi1,* CHAI Xin-sheng2,3 ZHU Jun-yong4
(1.Tianjin Key Lab of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300222; 2. Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530004; 3. Institute of Paper Sci. & Tech., Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332, USA; 4. Forest Service and Forest Products Lab of United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI53726, USA)
(*E-mail:qingxihou@yahoo.com)
Abstract: This paper reviewed several headspace gas chromatographic (HSGC) techniques that can determine not only volatile species content but also their vapor-liquor equilibrium partitioning coefficients in the pulp and paper industrial samples with very complicated matrices. The capability of HSGC for indirectly determination of non-volatile species through a phase conversion reaction method was also reported. Although the examples presented in this paper were more focused in the pulp and paper related application, HSGC technique has a great potential to be used for solving many very challenged problems in the other industries and research fields due to its accurate, rapid, simple and automatic characteristics.
Key words: headspace; gas chromatography; vapor-liquor equilibrium; pulp and papermaking
（责任编辑：关颖）
木素在过氧化氢漂白条件下的反应
赖玉荣 张 曾 黄干强
(华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东广州,510640)
摘 要:综述了木素与H2O2有关反应的研究成果,介绍了木素在常规、高温高压和氨基氰活化等H2O2漂白条件下的变化,讨论了木素在不同反应条件下进行H2O2漂白的反应机理。
关键词:木素；过氧化氢漂白；羟基自由基；反应
&nb, sp; The Reactions of Lignin with Hydrogen Peroxide
LAI Yu-rong* ZHANG Zeng HUANG Gan-qiang
(State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail:lyr9901@sina.com)
Abstract: This article summarizes the research progress of the reactions of ligin with hydrogen peroxide. The reactions of lignin with hydrogen peroxide under conventional, pressurized/ high temperature and cyanamide activated conditions are introduced. It is indicated that the reaction mechanisms in these three different reaction conditions are different.
Key words: lignin; hydrogen peroxide bleaching; hydroxyl radical; reaction
(责任编辑：常青)
纤维素类吸附剂的研究进展
刘传富 孙润仓 叶 君
(华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东广州,510640)
摘 要:纤维素、半纤维素和淀粉中富含羟基,通过羟基的一系列衍生化反应,可以将一些高分子化合物或富含纤维素的纸浆、木材等物质制备成吸附剂,文章综述了国内外纤维素类吸附材料的研究进展。
关键词:纤维素；吸附剂；纸浆
Research Progress in Cellulose-based Adsorbents
LIU Chuan-fu SUN Run-cang YE Jun
(State Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(E-mail:chfliu@163.com)
Abstract: A very attractive feature of cellulose, hemicellulose and starch is their chemical composition with a large amount of relatively easily accessible hydroxyl groups. Derivatization of hydroxyl groups in these polysaccharides, fibers and lignocellulosic materials can be used for the attachment of a variety of functional groups and to produce useful adsorbents. The present paper reviewed the research progress in cellulose-based adsorbents.
Key words: cellulose; adsorbent
（责任编辑：赵旸宇）
白腐菌漆酶固定化及其在工业中的应用
林丽萍 赵 敏
(东北林业大学生命科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨,150040)
摘 要:对漆酶的几种定性及定量检测方法、漆酶固定化及其应用以及漆酶/介体系统在造纸工业中的应用进行了综述。
关键词:白腐菌；漆酶；固定化；应用
Immobilization and Industrial Application of White-rot Fungi
LIN Li-ping ZHAO Min*
（College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040）
(*E-mail:82zb@hljgh.org)
Abstract: Laccase（EC1.10.3.2）is a polyphenolic oxidase. Many laccase substrates are environmental pollutants. Laccase can decompose lignin and eliminate toxicity of phenoxy pesticides and liquid waste of petrol industry etc. Because of the above functions, laccase has been broadly used in different industrial areas such as in papermaking, foodstuff and so on and has extensive application prospects. Recently, some study involved in laccase immobilization has been carried out at home. Immobilization and application of laccase are reviewed in this paper.
Key words: white-rot fungi; laccase; immobilization; application
（责任编辑：王岩） |
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